HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology: Muscular System

how do muscles produce movement

by contracting in response to nervous stimulation

muscle contraction results from......

the sliding together of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle cell or fiber

each muscle cell consists of?

myofibrils which are made up of smaller units called sarcomeres

myofibrils are made up of ?

sarcomeres

What chemicals or minerals must be present for a muscle cell to contract?

calcium and ATP, called adenosine triphosphate

during muscle contraction, nervous stimulation from the _________ neurons release _________ ions from the ______________ _____________.

motor, calcium, sarcoplasmic reticulum

during muscle contraction, calcium ions attach to _____________ _____________ on the ___________ _____________ within the cell moving them aside so cross-bridges can form between _____________ and __________ filaments

inhibitory proteins, actin filaments, actin, myosin

using energy supplied by __________ the ____________ slide together to produce _____________

ATP, filaments, contraction

skeletal muscles which make up the muscular system are referred to as ___________ ______________

voluntary muscles because they are under conscious control

skeletal muscles must work in _________

pairs

muscles that execute a given movement are called ?

the prime mover

muscles that produce the opposite movement are called?

the antagonist

muscles known as ___________ may work in cooperation with the prime mover

synergists

muscles can be classified according to

the movements the elicit

flexors __________ the angle at the joint

reduce

abductors draw a limb ___________ _________ midline

away from

adductors ________ the limb _________ the body

return, back toward

the three types of muscle tissue are _____, _______ & _________

smooth, cardiac, skeletal

________muscle cells are located in the walls of the ______, appear striated, and are under __________ control.

cardiac muscle, heart, involuntary

__________ muscle fibers are located in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the _______, appear spindle-shaped, and are also under __________ control.

smooth, except the heart, involuntary

________ muscle fibers occur in muscles which are attached to the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are under _______ control.

skeletal, voluntary

smooth muscle are located in walls of ______ ________ organs (except for the heart) and are ________ shaped

hollow visceral, spindle

both _______ and ______ muscle tissues appear striated

cardiac, skeletal