Chapter 5.1 - Glycolysis and the Lactate Pathway

metabolism

all reactions in the body that involve energy transformation

types of metabolism

anabolism and catabolism

anabolism

sy

catabolism

breakdown of molecules to release energy

aerobic cell respiration

metabolic pathway involving oxygen, which acts as the final electron acceptor

3 steps of aerobic respiration

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

how do redox reactions work in cell metabolism?

they involve the transfer of hydrogen atoms; oxidation is losing hydrogen and reduction is gaining hydrogen

glycolysis

breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm, anaerobic, requires 2 ATP but yields 4 ATP (2 net ATP)

products of glycolysis

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 4 ATP

steps of anaerobic metabolism

glycolysis, lactate fermentation

how is lactate produced?

lactate is produced when NADH donates 2 hydrogen atoms to pyruvate (which becomes reduced)

when does anaerobic respiration take place?

when there is not enough oxygen available, usually during high energy demand

examples of cells that commonly use anaerobic respiration

erythrocytes, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle (however, will damage it)

why don’t all cells use anaerobic respiration?

some tissue and cell types are better suited than others, anaerobic respiration can damage some cell types, and some cells don’t use aerobic respiration (erythrocytes and astrocytes)