LESSON 1: PART 3 - DOWN SYNDROME, MENTAL RETARDATION AND AUTISM

Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT)

an approach which focuses on the quality of movement and coordination rather than individual muscle group function

Sensory Integration Therapy

aims to change how the brain interprets the environment through the very aspects in which they struggle, touch, movement and balance

• Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT)

• Sensory Integration Therapy

• Perceptual-Motor Therapy

• Two-Wheeled Bicycle riding

• Therapeutic Horseback Riding (Hippotherapy)

• Tummy Time

• Treadmill Training

• Interventions for Balance

• Strengthening Endurance training

PT MANAGEMENT DOWN SYNDROME

Perceptual-Motor Therapy

incorporates activities which help to explore balance, coordination and body awareness and is not skills-based

Two-Wheeled Bicycle riding

helps to improve physical activity and can lead to increased socialization

Therapeutic Horseback Riding (Hippotherapy)

overall benefits include advances in balance, muscle strength and coordination, trunk control, postural stability, and weight-bearing abilities

Tummy Time

is a simple physiotherapeutic intervention used for infants by lying babies in their tummy to develop strength, balance and motor skills against gravity

MENTAL RETARDATION

Now called as intellectual disability

intellectual disability

MENTAL RETARDATION Now called as?

MENTAL RETARDATION

is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living.

MENTAL RETARDATION

a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive functioning behavior in a least two of the following skills areas: communication, self-care, social skills, self-direction, academic skills, work, leisure, health and/or safety that originates before age 18 years.

One of the most common chronic illness of childhood and is characterized by limitations in performance that results from significant impairments in measured intellectual and adaptive behavior

MENTAL RETARDATION

A Significant sub-average intellectual functioning with an intellectual quotient (IQ) below normal (IQ < 70)

<70

MENTAL RETARDATION IQ

Fragile X syndrome

causes developmental delays in male maternal relatives and is the most common inherited form of MR

X‐linked mental retardation

Fragile X syndrome aka

Trisomy 21

is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation

Down syndrome

Trisomy 21 aka

140-160

IQ AVERAGE: VERY GIFTED/GENIUS

130-144

IQ AVERAGE: VERY SUPERIOR/GIFTED

120-129

IQ AVERAGE: SUPERIOR

110-119

IQ AVERAGE: ABOVE AVERAGE

90-109

IQ AVERAGE: AVERAGE

80-89

IQ AVERAGE: BELOW AVERAGE

70-79

IQ AVERAGE: BORDERLINE - DULL/COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED.

50-69

IQ AVERAGE: MILD MENTAL RETARDATION - MORON

35-49

IQ AVERAGE: MODERATE RETARDATION - IMBECILE

20-34

IQ AVERAGE: SEVERE MENTAL RETARDATION - IDIOT

<20

IQ AVERAGE: PROFOUND MENTAL RETARDATION

• Mild MR

• Moderate MR

• Severe MR

• Profoundly retarded children/MR

CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL RETARDATION: