PICPE P4

Indigenous Peoples (IPs)

The Philippines is home to many ___________________ who have their own languages,

traditions, and ways of life.

1. Highlanders

2. Sea-based Groups

3. Mainstream or Lowland Indigenous Groups

These groups are spread across the country and

can be generally classified into three broad

categories based on where they live and how they

traditionally survive:

Highlanders

__________ are indigenous

groups who traditionally live in

mountainous and upland areas of the

Philippines.

Because of their location, they were

less influenced by early colonizers and

were able to preserve much of their

original culture.

- Mostly in the Cordillera Mountains of

Northern Luzon

- Interior parts of Mindanao

- Mountain ranges in Mindoro and Palawan

Where are they found? (Highlanders)

• Ifugao

• Kalinga

• Bontoc

• Ibaloi

• Mangyan (Mindoro)

• Lumad groups in Mindanao such as the T’boli, Manobo,

• and Bagobo

Examples of Highlander Groups:

Farming is their main livelihood, especially rice

terracing and swidden (kaingin) agriculture

Strong community traditions and rituals

Rich oral traditions, weaving, and craftsmanship

Spiritual beliefs closely connected to nature

Way of Life and Culture of the HIghlanders

Highlanders are known as protectors of

forests and ancestral lands.

Their cultures show deep respect for the

environment.

Importance of Highlanders

These are indigenous peoples whose

lives are centered on the sea.

Their culture, livelihood, and mobility are

closely tied to fishing, boat-making, and

coastal living.

Who are the Sea-Based Groups?

• Coastal areas of Mindanao

• Sulu Archipelago

• Palawan and nearby islands

Where are they found? (Sea-based Group)

• Badjao (Bajau or Sama Dilaut)

• Sama-Bajau

• Jama Mapun

• Molbog (Palawan)

Examples of Sea-based Groups:

• Fishing, diving, and trading

• Some traditionally lived in houseboats

• Expert navigators and seafarers

• Unique language and maritime traditions

Way of Life and Culture of Sea-based Group:

• Displacement due to modernization

• Limited access to education and services

• Loss of traditional fishing grounds

Challenges Faced: (Sea-based Group)

They represent the maritime heritage of

the Philippines and show how Filipinos

have long been connected to the sea.

Importance of the Sea-based Groups

Mainstream or Lowland Indigenous Groups

These are indigenous groups who live in

lowland areas and have had more interaction

with mainstream Filipino society.

Many of them have adopted some modern

practices but still maintain their indigenous

identity.

Different parts of Luzon, Visayas, and

Mindanao

Where are they found? (Mainstream IPs)

• Kapampangan (originally lowland indigenous)

• Ilokano (with indigenous roots)

• Tagbanua (Palawan)

• Subanen (Zamboanga Peninsula)

• Waray and other Visayan groups with indigenous origins

Examples of Mainstream IPs:

• Agriculture, trade, and crafts

• More integrated with towns and cities

• Mix of indigenous and modern Filipino culture

Way of Life: (Mainstream IPs)

They show how indigenous identity can survive even

with outside influences.

Importance of Mainstream IPs

• It helps us understand Philippine history and diversity

• It promotes respect for different cultures and traditions

• It raises awareness about indigenous rights

• It encourages preservation of languages and heritage

• It helps the government plan programs that fit the needs of IP communities

Studying the distribution of IPs in the Philippines

is important because?