PHYS: Chap 1.5 Fluid Compartments & Homeostasis

Student Learning Outcomes

Define fluid compartment: Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Body fluid located outside of the cells (includes IF & plasma)

Define fluid compartment: Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Body fluid located inside/within the cells

Define fluid compartment: Interstitial Fluid (IF)

Body fluid that surrounds cells in tissues

Define fluid compartment: Plasma

Body fluid within the blood vessels

Describe the barrier that separates fluid compartments: Plasma/Interstitial fluid

The barrier is primarily formed by the endothelial cells of blood vessels, which regulate the movement of substances between plasma and interstitial fluid.

Describe the barrier that separates fluid compartments: Interstitial fluid/ICF

The barrier is formed by cell membranes, which regulate the exchange of substances between interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid (ICF).

Define: Homeostasis

Physiological variables in a state of dynamic constancy

Role of negative feedback in maintaining homeostasis

Negative feedback mechanisms detect deviations from a set point and initiate responses to counteract/reverse those changes, helping to stabilize physiological variables.

Negative Feedback component: Stimulus

Any change in the environment that disrupts homeostasis, triggering a response.

Negative Feedback component: Sensor (receptor)

A receptor that detects changes in the environment and sends information to the control center for processing.

Negative Feedback component: Effector

The structure that makes the change upon integration centers response

Negative Feedback component: Integrating Center

The part of the control system that processes the information received from the sensor and determines decision to make change

Negative Feedback component: Regulated Variable

The variable that is being monitored and regulated in a feedback system, such as temperature or blood pressure.

Negative Feedback component: Set point

Normal range that feedback loop works to achieve/maintain

Describe: Positive feedback

A process in which a change in a regulated variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change, moving the system further away from its starting state. This can lead to a rapid increase or decrease in the variable until a specific outcome is reached.

Explain: Relationship between homeostasis & disease

Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions, and when not balanced it can lead to disease. Diseases often arise when the body's regulatory mechanisms fail to restore homeostasis.

Where is more Potassium (K+) located

inside/ ICF

Where is more Sodium (Na) located

outside/ ECF

Where is more chloride (Cl) located

outside/ ECF

Where is more protein located

inside/ICF

Where is more Calcium(Ca) located

outside/ECF