2b: Mains electricity

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41 Terms

1
2 types of electricity
  • static electricity

  • current electricity

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2
hazards of mains electricity
  • damaged insulation

  • overheating of cables

  • damp conditions

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3
safety features built into domestic appliances
  • double insulation

  • earthing

  • fuses

  • circuit breakers

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4
power
the rate of energy transfer or the amount of energy transferred per second
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5
what is power dependent on
voltage and current
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6
relationship between power, current and voltage
power = current x voltage
power = current x voltage
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7
unit of power
watts
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8
fuse
a safety device that cuts off the flow of electricity to an appliance if the current becomes too large
a safety device that cuts off the flow of electricity to an appliance if the current becomes too large
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9
what do the ratings on a fuse tell us
how much current it can withstand
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10
what does exceeding the current rating on a fuse cause
the fuse blows
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11
should the fuse have a current rating higher than the current needed
yes
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12
what will a low fuse current rating do
it will break the circuit even when an acceptable current is flowing through
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13
what will a too high fuse current rating do
it will not be breaking the circuit in enough time before damage occurs
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14
insulation
wires are covered with an insulating material as the conducting part of the wire is usually made of a metal that poses a risk of electrocution
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15
double insulation
appliances with two layers of insulation
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16
two layers of insulation in double insulated wires
  • insulation around the wires

  • a non-metallic cased

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17
do double insulated appliances require an earth wire
no because the earth wire can't touch the metal casing
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18
earthing
many electrical appliances have metal cases which poses a potential safety hazard if the live wire comes into contact with the case risking electrocution
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19
how does the earth wire protects the user
the earth wire provides a low resistance path to the earth causing a surge of current causing the fuse to melt and break which cuts off electricity supply to the appliance
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20
circuit breaker
an electromagnet switch that breaks the circuit if the current exceedds a certain value h
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21
how does a circuit breaker work
it quickly shuts off electricity to the whole house
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22
how is a circuit breaker better than a fuse
it doesn't melt and break and works much faster
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23
DC
direct current
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24
how does DC current travel
in one direction only
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25
does a DC power supply have a fixed terminal
yes
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26
AC
alternating current
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27
how does AC current travel
it constantly changes direction
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28
does an AC power supply have a fixed terminal
it has 2 identical terminals that switch between positive and negative
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29
frequency of an alternating current
number of times the current changes direction back and forth each second
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30
where is DC current produced/used
cells and batteries
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31
where is AC current produced/used
electrical generators
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32
when is work done
when charge flows through a circuit
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33
relationship between work done and energy transferred
work done = energy transferred
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34
relationship between energy transferred, current, voltage and time
energy transferred = current × voltage × time
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35
why does temperature increase when electricity passes through a component
it's turned into heat
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36
what is energy a transfer of
collisions between electrons flowing in the conductor and lattice of atoms within the metal conductor
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37
current
flow of electrons
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38
atomic configuration of metals
lattice of metals
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39
what happens to electrons as they flow through metals
they collide with ions which resist the flow of electronsh
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40
how does metal heat up
electrons collide and lose energy by giving it to ions which vibrate more
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41
which appliances can the heating effect be utilised in
heaters, ovens, hobs, toasters, kettles
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