Integrated Humanities - Topic 10

When the French Revolution broke out in 1789, France was under the rule of the _______ _____________.

Bourbon House

Under the reign of which king did the French Revolution break out?

Louis XIV

Louis XVI and his queen ______ __________ were famous for their luxurious and lavish living.

Marie Antoinette

Since the reign of Louis XIV, France had been involved in colonial wars with ________________ __and the__ ______________ ______ ___ _______________________.

Britain, American War of Independence

What were the three estates in the French society under the rule of the Bourbon House.

the clergy, nobility and the commoners, which included the bourgeoisie, handicraftsmen, poor city workers and peasants

French Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire, Montesquieu and Rousseau raised the ideas of ________ ______ __and__ _________ ___________________.

natural rights, popular sovereignty

In May 1789, the French government tried to tax the ruling estates, but it failed due to strong opposition. As a result, Louis XVI called the ____________________ at the Palace of Versailles in order to solve the financial crisis.

Estates-General

In June 1789, the third estate decided to boycott the Estates-General and formed their own legislature. What was it called?

the National Assembly

In June 1789, Louis XVI tried to stop the National Assembly and closed the meeting hall. Where did the representatives met eventually? They also vowed to not give in unless a constitution was drawn up. What is this event called?

a tennis court, the Tennis Court Oath

on 14 July 1789, Louis XVI finally recognised the National Assembly, but he tried to send troops to break it up. Leading to the attack of the __________.

Bastille

What do the colours blue, white and red on the French flag stand for?

liberty, equality, fraternity

What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?

the Fall of the Bastille

On 26 August 1789, the National Assembly adopted a constitutional document which recognised the principles of liberty, equality and fraternity, & declared the all sovereignty belonged to all citizens. What is this document called?

the Declaration of the Rights of Man

After the establishment of the French First Republic, Prussia, Austria and Britain formed an ___________ _________, sending armies to invade France.__ _________ ______________ led some revolutionaries to seize power and executed those against them.

anti-French coalition, Maximilien Robespierre

Maximilien Robespierre and his followers were called the _________ __and their reign was called the__ __________ __ ________________.

Jacobins, Reign of Terror

In July 1794, the Reign of Terror came to an end. A new government was set up. What was it called?

the Directory

After Robespierre and the Jacobins’ Reign of Terror, power gradually fell into the hands of a general named ________ ____________, who started a coup and set up the__ ____________, becoming the__ ____________ ________ __himself. France entered the__ ______________ era.

Napoleon Bonaparte, Consulate, First Consul, Napoleonic

Under Napoleon Bonaparte’s reign. France had many reforms. Bonaparte also acknowledged the achievements of the French Revolution as laws and included them in the ___________ ____________ in 1804.

Napoleonic Code

In December 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself as ____________ __and ended the French Republic. This era was also known as the__ _______ _____ __________ in history.

Napoleon I, First French Empire

On October 1813, the French army fought against the anti-French coalition armies in __________, which was better known as the _______ _________ ____ ______ _____. After the war, Napoleon was exiled to the island of__ ____.

Leipzig, Battle of the Nations, Elba

After the defeat of Napoleon, European countries held an international congress to re-arrange the territories and restore old order in Europe. What was the congress known as?

the Congress of Vienna

During the Congress of Vienna, Napoleon escaped to France and took the throne again. European countries immediately fought him and defeated him at the __________ __ ___________. After the battle, Napoleon was exiled again, to the island of__ ______ __________.

the Battle of Waterloo, Saint Helena