Genetic Material and Protein Structure: ATI TEAS 7 Science Review

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28 Terms

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Chromosome

Structure in the nucleus made of DNA that carries genetic information

<p>Structure in the nucleus made of DNA that carries genetic information</p>
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Gene

Segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait

<p>Segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait</p>
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Molecule that stores genetic instructions

<p>Molecule that stores genetic instructions</p>
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RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Molecule that carries genetic instructions from DNA

<p>Molecule that carries genetic instructions from DNA</p>
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DNA structure

Double-stranded molecule

<p>Double-stranded molecule</p>
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DNA bases

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine (A, T, C, G)

<p>Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine (A, T, C, G)</p>
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RNA structure

Single-stranded molecule

<p>Single-stranded molecule</p>
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RNA bases

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine (A, U, C, G)

<p>Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine (A, U, C, G)</p>
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Central dogma of biology

DNA → RNA → Protein

<p>DNA → RNA → Protein</p>
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Order of protein synthesis

DNA → mRNA → Protein

<p>DNA → mRNA → Protein</p>
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Transcription

Process of copying DNA into mRNA

<p>Process of copying DNA into mRNA</p>
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Location of transcription

Nucleus

<p>Nucleus</p>
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Product of transcription

mRNA

<p>mRNA</p>
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Base pairing in transcription

A-U, T-A, C-G, G-C

<p>A-U, T-A, C-G, G-C</p>
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Translation

Process of building a protein from mRNA

<p>Process of building a protein from mRNA</p>
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Location of translation

Ribosome

<p>Ribosome</p>
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Codon

Three-base sequence on mRNA

<p>Three-base sequence on mRNA</p>
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Protein

Molecule made of amino acids that performs cell functions

<p>Molecule made of amino acids that performs cell functions</p>
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Amino acids

Building blocks of proteins

<p>Building blocks of proteins</p>
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Protein function depends on

Shape and structure

<p>Shape and structure</p>
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DNA change (mutation)

Can change protein structure

<p>Can change protein structure</p>
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Change in protein

Can change a trait

<p>Can change a trait</p>
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Function of DNA

Stores genetic instructions

<p>Stores genetic instructions</p>
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Function of RNA

Carries instructions

<p>Carries instructions</p>
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Function of ribosomes

Build proteins

<p>Build proteins</p>
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End product of gene expression

Protein

<p>Protein</p>
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Genetic material summary

DNA is transcribed into RNA and translated into proteins that determine traits

<p>DNA is transcribed into RNA and translated into proteins that determine traits</p>
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