Embryology- Gametogenesis

What percentage of oocytes is affected by non-dysjuctions?

60%

what percent if sperm is affected by non-dysjuctions?

2-3%

How long does the process of spermatogenesis take?

64-74 days (40 days Spermatocytogenesis and 24 days Spermiogenesis)

What process occurs during Spermiogenesis?

1. Golgi makes acrosome

2. Mitochondria make midpiece

3. DNA condenses

4. Centrioles make tail

5. Cytoplasmic reduction

What are the travelling steps in getting sperm from the testes out of the penis?

1. Seminiferous tubules

2. Rete testes

3. Epididymus (head, body, tail)

4. Vas Deferens

5. Seminiferous Vesicle

6. Ejactulatory Duct

7. Prostate

8. Bulbourethral Glands

9. Urethra

How does sperm transit through he female reproductive system and how many are at each approximate stage?

1. Vagina (10^7)

2. Cervix (10^6)

3. Uterus (10^4)

4. Uterine tube (10 000)

5. Ampulla (100-1000)

What is the probable day of conceiving?

Day of ovulation (~25%), highest few days before and drops no nothing after

What factors make up the semen?

60% seminal vesicle

30% prostate

10% bulbourethral glands

What hormones contribute to oocyte development?

FSH → granulosa development → estrogen

LH → thecal development → androgens

both aiding in folliculogenesis and oogenesis

What triggers ovulation?

LH surge ~48 prior ovulation (tanias slides say 12-24, wrong)

When does oocyte numbers peak in fetal development?

5 months (7 million)

What are the characteristics of a primordial follicle?

primary oocyte + flat granulose cell layer

What characteristics contribute to a primary (pre-antral) follicle?

primary oocyte + proliferating granulosa cells + thecal cells + ZP

What characteristics make up a secondary (antral) follicle?

primary oocyte + proliferating granulosa cells + thecal cells + ZP + antral cavity + cumulus oophorus

What are the characteristics of a graafian follicle?

secondary oocyte + PB + cumulus oophorus, granulosa, thecal, antrum

What is the bulge on the ovary called when the COC is ready to be ovulated?

A stigma

What is the purpose of the corpus luteum?