micro exam 3 fungi and archaea

what are the 2 common features that bacteria share?

a central apparatus for gene expression, an peptidoglycan cell walls

what size ribosomes do bacteria and archaea have?

16s

what size ribosomes do eukarya have?

18s

define phylum:

group of bacteria that shares a common ancestor that diverged from early bacteria based on SSUrna sequence

which domain is the most ecologically and environmentally diverse?

archaea

the archaeal domain lacks ____.

pathogens

archaea is the only group that contains _____.

methanogens

what isomer of glycerol do archaea use?

L-glycerol

do archaea have ether or ester links?

ether

do archaea contain saturdated or unsaturated fatty acids?

saturated

what is the archaeal cell wall, and what is it made out of?

it is an S-layer made up of proteins and carbohydrates.

what are the cross bridges in archaea made up of, and why is it important?

glycine; resistant to penicillin

archaea catabolize glucose by using which pathway(s)?

ED and EMP

fungal cell walls are primarily composed of what?

chitin

a fungal body is composed of thread-like structures called ____.

hyphae

hyphae that contain cross-walls are called _____.

septate hyphae

hyphae that do not contain cross-walls are called ____.

coenocytic hyphae

chitridiomycota contain motile spores and have gametes called ____.

zoospores

what is the most primitive fungal phylum?

chitridiomycota

which fungal phylum is an obligate symbiont?

glomeromycota

what is the type of endomychorrizal association called where fungal hyphae penetrate the root cells of land plants?

arbuscular mychorrizae

which fungal phylum is the largest and most diverse?

ascomycota

what is the name of an ascocarp that is completely closed?

cleistothecium

what is the name of a flask-shaped ascocarp with an opening for ascospore release?

perithecium

what is the name of the cup-shaped ascocarp with the spores revealed on the upper surface?

apothecium

what are the 5 divisions of fungal phylum?

chitridiomycota, zygomycota, glomeromyocta, ascomyocta, basidiomyocta

which phylums of bacteria produce dikaryotic nuclei?

ascomycota and basidiomyocta

what fungi is known as “sac fungi”

ascomycota

which fungi is known as the club fungi

basidiomycota

which fungi is known as the mychorhizal fungi?

glomeromycota

which fungi is known as the water molds?

zygomycota

which fungi is known as the zoosporic fungi?

chitridyomycota

what is the name of the circular-shaped sac fungi?

cleistothecium

what is the name of the bowl shaped sac fungi?

apothecium

which phylum of fungi contains the ‘devils finger?

basidiomycota

define saprophobic:

able to decompose organisms and absorb nutrients from it

which fungi is saprophobic?

chitridiomycota

what are the only two unicellular fungi?

ascomycota and basidiomycota

what structure in fungi allows absorption of nutrients to occur without penetrating the cell membrane?

hautorium

what is the classification of yeasts (oxygen)?

facultative anaerobes

what are three reasons fungi are beneficial?

produces antibiotics, helps plants absorb water and minerals, and used in the manufacturing of food and food products

what percentage of fungi can cause pathogen exposure?

30%

what phylum does “robigo/robigus” fall under?

basidiomycota

what is the defining characteristic of basidiomycota?

club shaped fungi

what is the defining characteristic for glomeromycota?

presence of arbuscular mychorrhizae

what is the defining characteristic of zygomycota?

fast-growing fungi

what is the defining characteristic of chitridiomycota?

release of zoospores

the ophiocordyceps unilateralis belongs to which fungi?

ascomycota

define karyogamy:

nuclear fusion

define plasmogamy:

cytoplasmic fusion

what did fungi contain during the Salem witch trials that characterized the similarity to LSD?

alkaloids

morchella escuelenta is what kind of fungi?

ascomycota

puccinia graminis is what kind of fungi?

basidiomycota

rhizopus stolinifer is what kind of fungi?

zygomycota

most fungi are classified as what?

aerobes

which fungal division is defined by the production of zoospores?

chitridiomycota

which species is known as the “devils finger”?

clatharus archeri

which fungal division has coenocytic hyphae?

zygomyocta

what is the correct classification of saccharomyces cerevisiae?

facultative anaerobe

what are the shared characteristics of fungi?

chitin cell walls, hyphal growth, absorptive nutrition

which division forms symbiotic relationships with plant roots?

glomeromycota