Module 9 Sustaining living systems

nature

“humanity depends on _______ for food and water, materials for survival, and safety from environmental threats, such as epidemics and natural catastrophes”

Natural resources
ecosystem services

_________ embody land, air, water, forests, fisheries, minerals and wildlife provided by nature, which together produce the ___________ critical to human existence and welfare.

Convention on Biological Diversity

The Philippines is committed to manage and conserve the country’s biodiversity. Our country is a signatory to a number of international agreements intended for this purpose, the most notable of which is 1992 United Nations’ _________________ (CBD)

Convention on Biological Diversity

is the first global initiative to address biological diversity

conservation
sustainable
fair

The main objectives of the CBD are _________ of biological diversity, __________ use of its components, and _____ and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources

protected areas

Globally, biodiversity conservation has been done through the establishment of _________.

protected area

As defined by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) defines a ____________ as “a clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values”

protected areas

As reiterated by IUCN,“_____________ are critical for maintaining a healthy environment for people and nature. They are essential for biodiversity conservation and vital to the cultures and livelihoods of indigenous peoples and local communities. They also deliver clean air and water, bring benefits to millions of people through tourism, and provide protection from climate change and natural disasters”

global protected area network

the ________________ included more than 150,000 sites with a total land area of at least 24 million square kilometers that covers more that 15% of the earth’s total land surface

National Integrated Protected Areas Systems

In the Philippines, the national framework for the establishment of protected areas is Republic Act 7586, known as the “___________________________________ (NIPAS) Act”, which was signed on June 1, 1992

An Act Providing for the Establishment of National Parks
Mount Arayat

However, the first known legislation intended for the establishment of national parks was signed in 1932, known as “Act No. 3915: ___________________________”. ___________ became the first national park

protected area

The NIPAS Act defines a __________ as identified portions of land and water set aside by reason of their unique physical and biological significance, managed to enhance biological diversity and protected against destructive human exploitation

559

As of 2016, the Philippines had _______ protected areas composed of 45,762 square kilometers of protected areas (15.32% of total land area) and 21,269 square kilometers (1.16% of total marine area).

Local communities

_________________ are usually primary stakeholders of protected areas and their support can be critical to the sustainability of protected areas.

natural resource management

_____________ broadly refers to the sustainable utilization of major natural resources, such as land, water, air, minerals, forests, fisheries, and wild flora and fauna

Protected areas

_____________ are likely to remain the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation.

key biodiversity areas

One approach to conservation of living systems is the establishment of _______________ (KBAs), sites that have significant global contribution

key biodiversity areas

______________ guide the strategic expansion of protected area networks by governments and civil society. They also provide growing recognition for and investment in site conservation efforts by local and indigenous communities

community-based natural resource management

Another approach to conservation of living systems is ___________________. This is probably one of the oldest approach in natural resource management, wherein a group of people (usually in rural areas) manage the use of resources in their defined area, using communal facilities.

community-based natural resource management

promotes conservation through the sustainable use of natural resources, enables communities to generate income that can be used for rural development, and promotes democracy and good governance in local institutions”.

integrated natural resources approaches

These include integrated water resource management, ecosystems approach, integrated coastal zone management, integrated natural resources management, and forest landscape restoration

Integrated water resource management

A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources, to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems

Integrated water resource management

Spatial scale: Basin (river, lake, groundwater)

Ecosystem approach

A strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way

Ecosystem approach

Spatial scale: Within the limits of ecosystem functioning

Integrated coastal zone management

The process of combining all aspects of human, physical, and biological aspects of the coastal zone within a single management framework

Integrated coastal zone management

Spatial scale: All coastal and upland areas, the uses of which can affect coastal waters and the resources therein, and extends seaward to include that part of the coastal ocean that can affect the land of the coastal zone

Integrated natural resources management

Responsible and broad-based management of the land, water, forest, and biological resources base—including genes—needed to sustain agricultural productivity and avert degradation of potential productivity

Integrated natural resources management
Forest landscape restoration

Spatial scale: Landscape

A process that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well-being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes