Passive and Active Transport (Cycle 5)

Cell Membrane

It defines the cell and has its own organelles but also has several important functions including transport, signaling, and adhesion

Passive Transport

It is a transport method that does not require energy input and moves down a concentration gradient

Active Transport

It is a transport method that requires energy input

Bulk Transport

It is a transport method that uses vesicles to transport substances

Simple Diffusion

A spontaneous movement of a substance or solute from a region where it is more concentrated to a region where it is less concentration

Net Diffusion

The overall, or resultant movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Equilibrium

The state of balance and stability achieved when the two zones of solutes are equal or the same amount

Diffusion of Two Solutes

Each substance diffuses down its own concentration gradient unaffected by the concentration gradients of other substances

Osmosis

The movement of water across the semipermeable membrane from the region of low solute concentration to a high solute concentration

Hypotonic Solution

A surrounding solution that has less solvent than in the cell

Isotonic Solution

A surrounding solution that has the same amount of solvent compared to the cell

Hypertonic Solution

A surrounding solution that has more solvent than in the cell

Stable

The effect of the cell being in an isotonic solution

Shrinks

The effect of the cell being in a hypertonic solution

Bursts

The effect of the cell being in a hypotonic solution

Turgid

When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic environment, it becomes…?

Isotonic

When a plant cell is placed in an isotonic environment, it becomes…?

Plasmolyzed

When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic environment, it becomes…?

Isotonic

The best tonicity for animal cells

Hypotonic

The best tonicity for plant cells

Facilitated Diffusion

The process of allowing or diffusing substances across a membrane on their own by transport proteins

Channel Proteins

The ones that provide corridors that allow specific molecules or ions to cross membranes

Aquaporins

The channel protein that aids in the diffusion of water

Ion Channels

The channel protein that aids in the diffusion of ions and are highly specific to the ion being transported

Carrier Proteins

The ones that change shape as solutes pass through

Sodium-Potassium Pump

It uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to expel three sodium ions for every two potassium ions it emits

Bulk Transport

Water and small solutes enter and leave the cells by diffusing through the lipid bilayer while macromolecules are shipped in bulk

Exocytosis

Brings materials from inside the cell to the outside using vesicles

Endocytosis

Brings materials from the outside of the cell going inside using vesicles

Phagocytosis

Also known as cellular eating, where the cell engulfs the particle by extending the cell membrane of pseudopodium around it and packaging it within a membranous sac called a food vacuoule