Nano ch1 review

Which of the following historical examples correctly matches a civilization with its early use of nanomaterials?

Prehistoric pottery: Strengthened with gold nanoparticles 4500 years ago.

The term "nanotechnology" was first introduced in 1959 by which individual?

Richard Feynman

According to the document, why do materials exhibit unique properties at the nanoscale that differ from their bulk form?

Quantum effects and atomic-level self-assembly

Which material is correctly paired with the property change it undergoes when reduced to the nanoscale?

Gold: Can melt at room temperature

What size range defines nanomaterials?

1–100 nm

What is a key reason nanomaterials have increased reactivity?

Increased surface area to volume ratio

Which of the following best describes top-down nanofabrication?

Breaking down bulk materials into nanoscale structures

Which of the following best describes bottom-up nanofabrication?

Self-assembly from atoms or molecules

Which of the following is an example of a carbon-based nanomaterial?

Carbon nanotubes

Which carbon nanomaterial is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice?

Graphene

What is the structure of a fullerene?

Hollow spherical cage

Which property makes carbon nanotubes useful in electronics?

High electrical conductivity

Which nanomaterial is commonly used in sunscreen?

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Which of the following best describes quantum dots?

Semiconductor nanoparticles with size-dependent properties

What causes quantum dots to emit different colors?

Particle size

Which field widely uses quantum dots?

Medicine and imaging

What is a common application of silver nanoparticles?

Antimicrobial coatings

Which property is enhanced in nanomaterials compared to bulk materials?

Surface area

What type of bonding is dominant in organic nanomaterials?

Covalent and noncovalent interactions

Which of the following is an example of a metal nanoparticle?

Gold nanoparticle

What is the primary advantage of nanomaterials in drug delivery?

Targeted delivery to specific cells

Which nanomaterial is commonly used for targeted cancer therapy?

Gold nanoparticles

What is a nanocomposite?

mixture of nanoscale and bulk materials

Which of the following is a characteristic of nanomaterials?

Unique optical properties

Which technique is used to observe nanomaterials?

Electron microscope

What does SEM stand for?

Scanning Electron Microscope

What does TEM stand for?

Transmission Electron Microscope

Which microscopy technique provides 3D surface images?

SEM

What is AFM used for?

Imaging surfaces at atomic scale

Which technique is used to determine elemental composition?

EDX

What does EDX stand for?

Energy Dispersion X-ray

Which property of nanoparticles affects their interaction with light?

Size

What is surface plasmon resonance?

Optical phenomenon in metal nanoparticles

Which nanomaterial is known for strong optical properties?

Gold nanoparticles

Which field benefits from nanotechnology in water purification?

Environmental science

Which nanomaterial is used in water filters?

Carbon nanotubes

What is the main concern with nanomaterials?

Toxicity and environmental impact

Which organization regulates nanomaterials?

FDA

What is nanotoxicology?

Study of toxicity of nanomaterials

Which application uses nanosensors?

Medical diagnostics

What is a nanosensor?

Device that detects nanoscale changes

Which industry uses nanocoatings?

Automotive

What is a nanocoating?

Thin nanoscale protective layer

Which nanomaterial improves strength in composites?

Carbon nanotubes

What is the main advantage of nanocomposites?

Enhanced properties

Which property is improved in nanocomposites?

Strength

Which nanomaterial is used in flexible electronics?

Graphene

What is a key feature of graphene?

Strong and conductive

Which industry uses nanotechnology for energy storage?

Energy sector

Which device benefits from nanotechnology in energy storage?

Batteries

Which nanomaterial is used in solar cells?

Silicon nanoparticles

What is a benefit of nanotechnology in medicine?

Improved diagnostics and treatment

What is nanomedicine?

Application of nanotechnology in medicine

Which nanomaterial is used for imaging?

Quantum dots

What is a key property of nanoparticles in medicine?

Target specificity

Which nanomaterial is used in coatings for antibacterial surfaces?

Silver nanoparticles

What is the role of nanotechnology in electronics?

Miniaturization

Which property is important for nanoelectronics?

High conductivity

Which nanomaterial is used in transistors?

Carbon nanotubes

What is a challenge in nanotechnology?

Safety concerns

Which nanomaterial is used in drug delivery systems?

Liposomes

What is a liposome?

Lipid-based vesicle

Which nanomaterial is biodegradable?

Chitosan nanoparticles

What is a dendrimer?

3D branched macromolecule

Which nanomaterial is used in cosmetics?

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles

What is the advantage of nanoscale catalysts?

High surface area

Which nanomaterial is used in sensors?

Graphene

What is a nanowire?

Nanoscale wire structure

Which property is important in nanowires?

High conductivity

Which material can be used to synthesize carbon quantum dots

Coffee grounds

Green CQDs are considered

Sustainable and non-toxic alternatives to heavy-metal QDs

Carbon nanofibers differ from CNTs mainly because they:

Have larger diameters (50–200 nm

A major feature of carbon nanofibers is:

Large surface area enabling functionalization

One medical application of carbon nanofibers is:

Tissue scaffolds for bone and nerve regeneration

Which of the following best describes organic nanomaterials?

Nanomaterials primarily composed of organic matter

Organic nanomaterials are mainly stabilized by which type of interactions

Noncovalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions

Which of the following is an example of an organic nanomaterial

Liposomes

Which of the following structures can be used for drug delivery in polymeric nanomaterials?

Polymeric micelles

In polymeric micelles, the hydrophobic core primarily functions to:

Carry hydrophobic drug molecules

Which of the following best describes dendrimers?

3D macromolecules with multivalent surface groups

Which lipid-based nanomaterial is typically composed of phospholipids and cholesterol?

Liposomes

major advantage of lipid-based nanomaterials is their ability to:

Carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are best described as:

Crystalline porous organic nanomaterials made from light elements

Which of the following is an example of a bio-organic nanomaterial?

Chitosan nanoparticles

Which of the following elements is commonly used to synthesize metal-based nanomaterials?

Gold

What primarily defines metal-based nanomaterials compared with bulk metals?

Reduction of particle size to the nanoscale

Which property significantly increases when metals are reduced to the nanoscale?

Surface atom activity

Which of the following is an example of a bimetallic nanomaterial?

Pt–Pd

Which metal nanoparticle is especially known for its strong antimicrobial properties?

Silver nanoparticles

Which method is commonly used for synthesizing silver nanoparticles from AgNO₃?

Chemical reduction

Which optical phenomenon is responsible for the color change in silver nanoparticles depending on size?

Surface plasmon resonance

Which of the following is a major challenge associated with nanosilver use?

Potential toxicity to healthy cells and the environment

MXenes are best described as:

2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides

Which application area commonly uses MXenes due to their high conductivity and surface area?

Energy storage such as batteries and supercapacitors

Which of the following best describes metal oxide nanomaterials?

Nnaoparticles composed of metal and oxygen

Which metal oxide nanoparticle is widely used for photocatalysis and sunscreens?

TiO₂

Which of the following is a key feature of metal oxide nanomaterials?

High surface-to-volume ratio

Which polymorph of titanium dioxide shows the highest photocatalytic activity?

Anatase

Which property of TiO₂ nanoparticles allows them to be used in sunscreens?

Strong UV absorption

Which iron oxide nanoparticle exhibits superparamagnetic (magnetite) behavior at the nanoscale?

Fe₃O₄