Major responsibility for producing specific movement
3
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Antagonist
Opposes or reverses movement
4
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Synergist
muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation
5
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Fixators
type of synergist that immobilizes bone or muscle's origin rather than enhancing movement of prime movers
6
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muscle location
Criteria for naming: bone or body region with which muscle is associated Ex. temporalis
7
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Muscle shape
Criteria for naming: distinctive shapes Ex. Deltoid
8
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muscle size
a criteria for naming skeletal muscle: e.g., maximus (largest), minimus (smallest), longus (long)
9
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Direction of muscle fibers or fascicles
a criteria for naming skeletal muscle: e.g., rectus (fibers run straight), transversus (fibers run at right angles), and oblique (fibers run at angles to imaginary defined axis)
10
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number of origins
a criteria for naming skeletal muscle: Ex. biceps brachii
11
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location of attachments
named according to point of origin or insertion Ex. Sternocleidomastoid
12
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Muscle action
named for action they produce, e.g., flexor or extensor
13
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Flexor
Crosses on the anterior side of a joint Ex. Pectoralis major
14
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Extensor
Crosses on the posterior side of a joint Ex. Latissimus dorsi
15
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Abduction
movement away from the midline
16
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Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
17
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Fascicles
bundles of muscle fibers
18
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circular
fascicle arranged in concentric rings Example: orbicularis ores and orbicularis oculi.
19
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Convergent
broad origin; fascicles converge toward single tendon insertion Ex. Pectoralis major
20
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Fusiform
ex. biceps brachii
21
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Parallel
Muscle fibers are parallel to one another Ex. Sartorius
22
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Pennate
short fascicles attach obliquely to central tendon running length of muscle
23
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Unipennate
fascicles attach only to one side of tendon Ex. extensor digitorum longus
24
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Bipennate
Fascicles insert from opposite sides of tendon Ex. Rectus femoris
25
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Multipennate
fascicles appears as feathers inserting into one tendon Ex. Deltoid
26
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lever, effort, load
components of a lever system
27
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lever
rigid bar (BONE) that moved on a fixed point called a fulcrum (JOINT)
28
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Effort
Force (supplied by muscle contraction) applied to a lever to move resistance (load)
29
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load
resistance (bone + tissues + any added weight) moved by the effort
30
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Mechanical advantage (power lever)
load is close to fulcrum, with effort far from the fulcrum (small effort can move a large load)
31
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Mechanical disadvantage (speed lever)
load is far from fulcrum, with effort close to fulcrum Load moved rapidly over large distance; offers wider range of motion
32
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first class lever
Fulcrum is between the load and effort (Example: raising the head off the chest)
33
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second class lever
Load is between the fulcrum and effort (Example: standing on toes)
34
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third class lever
Effort is applied between the fulcrum and load (Example: most skeletal muscles, bicep curl)
35
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temporal fossa
origin of temporalis
36
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coronoid process of mandible
insertion of temporalis
37
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closes jaw and elevates mandible
action of temporalis
38
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Zygomatic arch + bone
Origin of masseter
39
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angle and ramus of mandible
insertion of masseter
40
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prime mover of jaw closure
action of masseter
41
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sternum and clavicle
origin of sternocleidomastoid
42
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mastoid process
insertion of sternocleidomastoid
43
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Flexes and laterally rotates head
action of sternocleidomastoid
44
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occipital bone, C7 and thoracic vertebrae
origin of trapezius
45
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Spine of scapula and lateral end of clavicle
insertion of trapezius
46
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Stabilizes and moves scapula
action of trapezius
47
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Lateral end of clavicle and spine of scapula
origin of deltoid
48
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deltoid tuberosity of humerus
insertion of deltoid
49
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prime mover of arm abduction
action of deltoid
50
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clavicle and sternum
origin of pectoralis major
51
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intertubercular suleus and greater tubercle
insertion of pectoralis major
52
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adducts and medially rotates arm
action of pectoralis major
53
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pubic crest and symphysis
origin of rectus abdominis
54
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xiphoid process and ribs 5-7
insertion of rectus abdominis
55
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Flexes and rotates vertebral column
action of rectus abdominis
56
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short head: coracoid process long head: supraglenoid tubercle
origin of biceps brachii
57
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radial tuberosity
insertion of biceps brachii
58
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flexes and supinates forearm
action of biceps brachii
59
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long head: infraglenoid tubercle Lateral + Medial head: Posterior shaft of humerus
origin of triceps brachii
60
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olecranon of ulna
insertion of triceps brachii
61
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extends forearm
action of triceps brachii
62
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distal humerus
origin of brachialis
63
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coronoid process of ulna
insertion of brachialis
64
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flexes forearm
action of brachialis
65
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distal end of humerus
origin of brachioradialis
66
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radial styloid process
insertion of brachioradialis
67
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flexes forearm
action of brachioradialis
68
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lateral epicondyle of humerus
origin of extensor digitorum
69
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distal phalanges of 2-5th fingers
insertion of extensor digitorum
70
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prime mover of finger extension
action of extensor digitorum
71
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Medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon and posterior ulna
origin of flexor carpi ulnaris
72
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pisiform, hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris
73
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powerful flexor and adductor of the hand
action of flexor carpi ulnaris
74
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Anterior iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
origin of tensor fascia lata
75
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iliotibial tract
insertion of tensor fasciae latae
76
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Steadies leg and trunk on thigh by tightening IT band
action of tensor fascia lata
77
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Anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabulum
origin of rectus femoris
78
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patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
insertion of rectus femoris
79
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extends leg and flexes thigh at hip
action of rectus femoris
80
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Long head: Ischial tuberosity Short head: linea aspera and distal femur