Potassium Regulation and Disorders !

These flashcards cover key concepts and important information regarding potassium regulation and disorders such as hypokalemia and hyperkalemia.

Potassium

Most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF). Normal levels range from 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.

Kidneys

The main regulator of potassium in the body, where potassium is lost in the urine.

Aldosterone

A hormone that regulates potassium levels; related conditions include hypoaldosteronism and hyperaldosteronism.

Hyperkalemia

A condition characterized by serum potassium levels greater than 5 mEq/L.

Hypokalemia

A condition characterized by serum potassium levels less than 3.5 mEq/L.

Transcellular shifts

Movement of potassium affecting serum osmolality, influenced by insulin and catecholamines.

Metabolic acidosis

A condition associated with hyperkalemia.

Metabolic alkalosis

A condition associated with hypokalemia.

Hypokalemia Manifestations

Symptoms include increased thirst, urine output, nausea, vomit, and EKG changes like prolonged PR interval and flat T wave.

Hyperkalemia Manifestations

Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and potential EKG changes such as a narrow T wave and wide QRS complex.

Treatment for Hypokalemia

Includes increasing dietary intake, potassium supplements, and potassium IV.

Treatment for Hyperkalemia

Includes decreasing potassium intake, enhancing renal elimination, and redistributing potassium from ECF to ICF.