Basic Functional Groups

Hydroxyl, Carbonyl (Ketones, Aldehydes), Carboxyl, Amino, Phosphate,

What are the 5 basic functional groups?

hydroxyl (alcohol)

What functional group is this?

carbonyl (ketone or aldehyde)

What functional group is this?

carboxyl (acid)

What functional group is this?

amino

What functional group is this?

phosphate

Which functional group is this?

alcohols

List the generic name(s) for molecules carrying a hydroxyl group:

ethanol, hydroxyl

What compound is this and what functional group(s) can you see?

acetone, carbonyl: ketone

What compound is this and what functional group(s) can you see?

propanol, carbonyl: aldehyde

What compound is this and what functional group(s) can you see?

acetic acid, carboxyl

What compound is this and what functional group(s) can you see?

glycine, amino, carboxyl

What compound is this and what functional group(s) can you see?

cysteine, sulfhydryl, amino, carboxyl

What compound is this and what functional group(s) can you see?

glycerol phosphate, phosphate, hydroxyl

What compound is this and what functional group(s) can you see?

5-methyl cytidine, methyl, carbonyl,

What compound is this and what functional group(s) can you see?

they are polar, therefore they can form hydrogen bonds with H₂O molecules helping dissolve organic compounds

What are the functional properties of hydroxyl groups?

carbonyl

What group gives rise to two major groups of sugars?

acts as an acid

What is the major functional property of carboxyl groups?

act as a base

What are the functional propertie(s) of amino groups?

stabalize protein structure, cross linking of cysteines in hair proteins

what are the functional properties of sulfhydryl groups?

contributes negate charge, has potential to react with water releasing negative charge

What are the functional propertie(s) of phosphate groups?

affects gene expression, affects hormones

What are the functional propertie(s) of methyl groups?

ketones, aldehydes

In what prominent biological molecule(s) will we find carbonyl groups?

ketone

If a carbonyl group is found within a carbon skeleton, that molecule is known as a what?

aldehyde

If a carbonyl group is found on the end of a carbon skeleton, that molecule is known as a what?

true

True or false, a ketone and an aldehyde can be structural isomers with different characteristics?

the polar covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen

What allows the carboxyl group to act as an acid?

glycine

In what prominent biological molecule(s) will we find amino groups?

amino acids

What are compounds with both amino acids and carboxyl groups called?