African Decolonization

Non-Aligned Movement

A forum of 120 developing countries that are not formally aligned with any major power bloc, such as the United States or the Soviet Union. Founded in 1961 during the Cold War.

pan-Africanism

An ideology and movement that advocates for the unity of people of African descent, both in Africa and the African diaspora, emphasizing shared history, culture, and the pursuit of freedom and self-determination.

decolonization

The process by which colonies gain independence from colonial powers, leading to the dismantling of imperial structures and the establishment of self-governing nation-states.

Jomo Kenyatta

Kenya's first president and a key figure in the Kenyan independence movement.

Kwame Nkrumah

First PM and later, first President of Ghana. Prominent leader of Ghanian Independence from British rule

Haile Selassie

Leader who modernized Ethiopia and helped to establish the Organization of African Unity. Was overthrown and exiled.

apartheid

A system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa, based on the separation of White, black, and indian people in South Africa.

Nelson Mandela

South African ant-apartheid activist and politician who served as the first president of South Africa. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.

African National Congress

A political party in South africa which originated as a liberation movement known for its opposition to apartheid and has governed the country since 1994, when the first post-apartheid election resulted in Nelson Mandela being elected as President of South Africa.

F.W. de Klerk

Helped to dismantle Apartheid, shared Nobel Peace Prize with Nelson Mandella. Leader of the African National Congrss and was the president of South Africa.