Emergence of Egyptian Civilization (Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom,New Kingdom)

Manetho

an Egyptian priest in the 2nd century B.C. who devides history into dynasties / chronologies

When did Egypt emerge?

3000 B.C.

What is modern day Egypt?

Egypt

What is the longest river in the world?

Nile River

How long is the Nile River?

4,100 miles

Where does the Nile River flow?

flows north into the Mediterranean Sea

What is lower Egypt known as?

the Nile Delta

Inundation

predictable flooding

When did inundation usually occur in Egypt?

July-October

What were the challenges faced in Egypt?

the dessert limits growth & a need for resources

What were some of the benefits in Egypt?

-able to control flooding through inundation
-rich soil
-natural barrier of Sahara Dessert

When do villages in Egypt emerge?

c. 5000 B.C.

When was Egypt unified?

3100 B.C.E

Who unified Egypt?

King Menes

What did king Menes establish?

a capital in Memphis

Who started the first dynasty in Egypt?

Menes

Theocratic

a form of government where religious leaders control the government (divine guidance)

What did Egyptians believe about their pharaohs?

that they were gods

What was the time frame of the Old Kingdom?

3100-2200 B.C.

What was the Old Kingdom known for?

for being stable, prosperous, and building great pyramids

What was the time frame of the Middle Kingdom?

2100-1650 B.C.

What was the time frame of the New Kingdom?

1550-700 B.C.

What is the main purpose of the pyramids?

to house the Pharaoh in the afterlife

What pyramids are built in the Old Kingdom?

-Step Pyramid of Djoser
-Bent Pyramid of Senefu
-Red Pyramid of Senefu
-Pyramid of Giza

What does Hieroglyphic mean in greek?

"sacred carvings"

Hieroglyphics

a form of pictographic and symbolic writing written on stone or papyrus, used by the Egyptions

Who were hieroglyphics written by?

scribes

Papyrus

dried reeds from the Nile that Egyptians used to write on

How were Hieroglyphics translated?

using the Rosetta Stone

Rosetta Stone

a piece of slab that has writings from the Egyptian time frame that allows for hieroglyphics to be translated

When was the Rosetta Stone discovered?

In 1799

Were the Egyptians monotheistic or polytheistic?

polytheistic

How many gods did the Egyptians worship?

over 2000

Were the gods in Egypt thought to be more or less hopeful than the Mesopotamian's gods?

more hopeful

How long does the Middle Kingdom last?

150 years (11th to 13th dynasty)

Sensuret I

was the 12th dynasty pharaoh and builds the temple at Karnak

When did Egypt start to build monuments to gods?

during the Middle Kingdom

Asiatics

ancient Egyptian reference to various people groups living in Canaan

Hyksos

"foreigners"

Military Tradition

pharaohs must go South to the Nubians & North to Caanan trying to expand their lands

Valley of Kings

burial site of kings during the New Kingdom

Why is religion important for Egypt?

because it makes for effectives leadership

What was a problem in the Egyptian bloodline?

a pharaoh marries his sister which begins a tradition of incest in the New Kingdom (pharaoh Akhenaten)

Hatshepsut

Thutmose II's wife/ half-sister that rules Egypt after he dies for her son Thutmose III because he is too young

What does Hatshepsut change her title from & to?

from queen-mother to co-king

What does Hatshepsut claim to be?

offspring of the god Ammun (god of air)

Where does Hatshepsut campaign to?

-Canaan
- Nubian
- Eritrea
- West Africa

Why was Hatshepsut not remembered well?

because someone goes about trying to erase her from history & covers up her monuments

Thutmose IV

ruled 1400 BC and may have been the pharaoh in Exodus

What was the ideology of the royal family?

Queens: higher place
Kings (Pharaoh): seen as deities

Ramses II

-a successful builder & conqueror
-becomes the ideal king
- future kings name themselves after him and admire him