Energy Changes - Triple Science

State the law of conservation of energy.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only transferred from one place to another.

How does the law of conservation of energy apply to chemistry?

In all chemical reactions, energy is either transferred to the surroundings or from the surroundings.

What is an exothermic reaction?

A reaction where energy is transferred to the surroundings.

Give two examples of exothermic reactions.

Combustion, respiration

What happens to the temperature of the surroundings during an exothermic reaction?

They increase. The thermometer is included in "the surroundings" so shows the temperature increasing.

What is an endothermic reaction?

A reaction where energy is transferred from the surroundings.

Give two examples of endothermic reactions.

Thermal decomposition reactions, citric acid and sodium hydrogencarbonate.

What happens to the temperature of the surroundings during an endothermic reaction?

They decrease. The thermometer is included in "the surroundings" so shows the temperature decreasing.

State two uses of exothermic reactions

Self-heating cans, hand warmers

State two uses of endothermic reactions

Some cooling sports injury packs

What are reactants?

The substances involved in a chemical reaction

What are products?

The substances formed when reactants have a chemical reaction

What is a reaction profile?

A diagram which shows whether the reactants have more or less energy than the products.

If the reactants have more energy than the products, what kind of a reaction must have taken place?

An exothermic one. The missing energy has been transferred to the surroundings.

If the reactants have less energy than the products, what kind of a reaction must have taken place?

An endothermic one. The extra energy has been take in by the surroundings.

Is breaking bonds endothermic or exothermic?

Endothermic. Chemical bonds are strong so require energy to break (like when you have to put energy in to separate magnets from each other)

Is making bonds endothermic or exothermic?

Exothermic. Energy is released when chemical bonds are formed (like how two magnets move together when close and generate kinetic energy)

How do we work out the overall energy change of a reaction?

Work out the difference between the energy needed to break all the bonds in the reactants and the energy released to form all the bonds in the products.

Metals become what type of ions?

Positive, by losing an electron

What happens when two metals are dipped in a salt solution and joined by a wire?

The more reactive metal will donate electrons to the least reactive, creating a circuit.

What happens to the voltage of a circuit if the reactivity between metals is higher?

It creates a higher voltage due to the bigger difference.

Why is it not possible to make an electric cell using two of the same metals?

There is no difference in reactivity.

What happens to Hydrogen gas to allow it to provide a source of electrons in a cell?

It is oxidized.

In a Hydrogen fuel cell what gases are pumped in?

Hydrogen and Oxygen

What is the waste product in Hydrogen fuel cells?

Water

Oxidized means what?

Loss of Electrons.

Reduction means What?

Gain of Electrons