American history

Presentism

in history, it's judging the past by modern standards (a fallacy)

Salutary neglect

the unofficial British policy where parliamentary rules and laws were loosely or not enforced on the American colonies and trade.

They kinda just left America alone

The French and Indian War

a struggle between Britain and France for control of vast colonial territories, especially the Ohio River Valley, with Native American tribes allied to both sides. Britain's victory, expelled France from North America, but Britain's massive war debt led to new taxes and policies that fueled colonial resentment, setting the stage for the American Revolution. 

The world of the 1760-1770s»

English citizens went to search for independence

Intolerable acts

The Intolerable Acts closed down Boston Harbor, made trials in the colonies difficult, and allowed English soldiers to invade colonists' homes

"shot heard round the world"

tending to suppress the possibility of rebellion by seizing weapons from the colonists. Instead, their actions sparked the first battle of the Revolutionary War.

The declaration of Independence purposes

A statement of legitimacy

A rejection of Divine Right of kings

Locke principles > life, liberty, and property

Justifies the right of revolution

Divine Right of kings

an ancient idea that began with Europe's medieval kings

The problems with Articles of confederation

1. The states didn’t act immediately. It took until February 1779 for 12 states to approve the document. 

2. The central government was designed to be very, very weak. 

3. The Articles Congress only had one chamber and each state had one vote. 4. Congress needed 9 of 13 states to pass any laws.

5. The document was practically impossible to amend.

6. The central government couldn’t collect taxes to fund its operations. 

7. States were able to conduct their own foreign policies..

8. States had their own money systems. There wasn’t a common currency in the Confederation era.

9. The Confederation government couldn’t help settle Revolutionary War-era debts. 

10. Shays’ rebellion – the final straw. 

To pass laws to amend articles under the confederation you need

9 out of 13 colonies to agree or 75%

To propose a laws under the confederation you need

100% full majority

Bill of rights

first ten amendments

Proposal stage

by the Congress with a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by two-thirds of the State legislatures.

ratification stage

getting approval from three-fourths (38 out of 50) of the states, either through their state legislatures or special state conventions, as determined by Congress, making the proposed change part of the Constitution

Confederation govt

Central govt

Federalist

Antifedrelst

dual federalism

cooperative federalism

powers reserved to the state

powers delegated to the national goverm

National Centered federalism

The neccasy proper clause

Marbury v Madison established ….

Judicial review

Civil liberties vs civil rights

Civil liberties protect people from undue government interference or action. Civil rights, on the other hand, protect people from discrimination.