AniSci Exam #1 (Introductory Lecture)

Morril Act - 1862

• College education was available to the “general public” 

• Grants of federal land made to each state to establish colleges

Hatch Act - 1887

• Established Agricultural Experiment Stations at each Land-Grant College

• Scientific research in agriculture and engineering

Smith Lever Act - 1914

• Established the Cooperative Extension Service (educational programs)

Second Morrill Act - 1890

• Conferred Land Grant status

Elementary & Secondary Education Reauthorization Act - 1994

• Conferred land grant status to the ~30 NA colleges 

Oldest school to own land grant status? (duh)

Rutgers University, founded in 1766 and designated in 1864

How is our department made up? What are the research focuses?

Department is made up of a research facility, extension facility, and teaching faculty 

• Endocrine regulation of growth, reproduction, and behavior

• Exercise physiology, nutrition, and reproduction

• Animal Health and the environment 

Types of animal products. What are they, and then examples from each?

Clothing, food (milk, eggs, dairy), service/work

Animal meats consumed (types, production levels for top consumed meats)

Chicken, beef, pork, turkey, lamb, fish, veal (150 B pounds of cattle)

Vertical integration- Which livestock production industries are Integrated, slightly integrated, or not integrated at all?

Definition: A single company controlling everything

• Integrated: Poultry/Chicken

• Slightly Integrated: Pork

• Not integrated: Beef

Meat Industries: Where are they generally located, types of industries, how many offspring?

Located: West of the Mississippi River

Type: Scattered (Calf operations, Stocker, Feedlots, Packing plant)

Offspring: 1

Milk and cheese- how is the market? What are the standards and classifications?

Class 1: Fluid milk products

Class 2: Manufactured products (cheese, butter, yogurt)

Standards: Fluid products must be grade A, manufactured is grade B

Fibers- Identifying types.

• Leather

• Wool

• Mohair, Cashmere, Angora

• Feathers

• Silk

• Horsehair

• Catgut

Types of Agritourism- Be able to identify different types of examples of agritourism.

• On farm sales of products (farmers markets, pick-your-own)

• Educational tourism (winery, farm work experience)

• Entertainment (hayrides, corn maze, petting zoos)

• Accommodations (bed & Breakfast, farm picnics)

• Outdoor Recreation (horseback riding, hunting, fishing, birdwatching)

Differentiate the differences between enterprise types.

Supplementary: Minor activity, supports product on farm

      ex: inviting school groups to learn about animals and farming (could                  supplement income)

Complementary: share equal footing w/ other enterprises in farms product mix

      ex: selling half the apples to a wholesaler and the rest to a “pick your own”        guest

Primary: Dominant/primary activity on the farm

      ex: opening a winery on the farm and inviting guests to spend the day or            weekend tasting wine

Why do the statistics only tell part of the story?

• Narrow definition (less examples)

• Self-identified (many were left out)

• Direct marketing calculations (DM was left out of calculations)

• Outdated

Why is agritourism important in NJ?

• More than 1/5 of NJ farms offer it

• 43% associated with farm land

• Income from agritourism = $57.53 million 

• Economic linkages 

Are there any cons in terms on agritourism?

• Liability exposure

• Intrusion into privacy 

• Concerns that it “cheapens” the image of farming

• Tensions with neighbors/municipalities

• Regulatory/policy issues (zoning, right to farm protection)

• New business model for many farmers (new skill sets required, increased risk level for capital investments, most do not have formal business or marketing plans)