Human Anatomy Terminology

What are the functional systems in the human body?

. Nervous system

• Cardiovascular system

• Musculoskeletal system

• Digestive system

• Urinary system

• Endocrine System

• Intertegumentary system

Human anatomical basis

An individual standing erect and facing

forwards, upper limbs by the side with

the palms facing forward, and lower

limbs together, with the toes facing

forwards.

Median plane

• passes longitudinally

• This is the normal plane you see when a patient

• Straight panel

Sagittal Plane

The sagittal plane is any vertical plane parallel to the median plane

• Side panel

Coronal plane

• Corona plane ( top view)

• Divides body into posterior and anterior

Transverse Plane

• Horizontal cut

Anatomical sections

• longitudinal section = vertical cut( |)

• Tranverse section = Horizontal cut( -)

• Oblique Section = Diagonal cut (/)

Cranial vs. Caudal?

• Cranial = Structures nearer the head

• Caudal = Structures closer to the feet.

Medial vs. Lateral?

• Closer to middle of body (medial plane) ( thumb out)

• further from middle of body ( Lateral side) ( Thumb towards body)

Dorsal

“ outer” area of the hand(oppsite of palm), foot, and nose

Ventral

Structures related to the anterior or abdominal side of the body.

Proximal vs. Distal

• Proximal: Structures related to ther position along a limb, taking as the datum point the attachment of a limb to the trunk. These structures are closer to it.

• Distal: Structures related to ther position along a limb, taking as the datum point the attachment of a limb to the trunk. These structures are further from it.

Superficial vs. deep?

• Superficial = Based on the relationship of structures between adjacent structures. These structures are overlapping the adjacent ones.

• Deep = based on the relationship of structures between adjacent structures. These structures are overlapped by the adjacent ones.

Ipsilateral vs. Bilateral vs. Contralateral?

Ispi = Adjacent structures on the same side (legs of a spider)

Bilateral = Same structure on opposing sides (butterfly)

External vs. Internal

external = Away from center

Internal = towards the center