General Chem ACS final formulas

atomic mass

(fraction of isotope n)*(mass of isotope n)

Mass percent of element X =

(mass of X in 1 mole of compound)/

(mass of 1 mole of compound)

% yield =

Actual yield/

theorectical yield

Molarity (M) =

amount of solute(mol)/

volume of solution(L)

Molarity (1) * Volume(1) =

Molarity (2) * Volume (2)

Boyle's Law

P(1) V(1) = P(2) V(2)

Charles' Law

V(1)/T(1) = V(2)/T(2)

Avagadro's Law

V(1)/n(1) = V(2)/n(2)

Ideal Gas Law

PV=nRT

Partial pressures

Ptotal= P(a)+ P(b) + P(c)

Mole Fraction part 1

X(a) = n(a)/n(total)

Mole Fraction Part 2

P(a) = X(a) * P(total)

Average kinetic energy

KE(avg) = (3/2) RT

Root Mean Square Velocity (u)

u = (3RT/M)^(1/2)

mass/Mol for u(rms) is in

Kg

Graham's law of effusion

(rate(a)/rate(b)) = (M(b)/M(a))^(1/2)

Change in Energy =

E(products) - E(reactants)

E(system) =

-E(surroundings)

Delta E =

q + w or heat + work

Bomb calorimetry

q = C * Delta T

Coffee Cup Calorimetry

q = m C Delta T

Volume-Pressure work

w = -P * Delta V

Relationship between Enthalpy (H), Internal Energy (E), Pressure (P) and Volume (V)

Delta H = Delta E + (P * Delta V)

Enthalpy of a Reaction

Enthalpy of a Reaction (Delta H rxn) = Sum (Heats of formation of products) - Sum (Heats of formation of reactants)

Frequency (v), wavelength (^) and the speed of light (c)

v = (c/^)

Relationship between energy (E), Frequency (v), and Plancks constant (h)

E = hv

De Broglie Relationship (wavelength, mass, and velocity (v) of a particle)

^ = h/(mv)

Energy of an electron in an Orbital with Quantum Number (n) in a hydrogen atom

E(n) = -2.18 (10^-18) (1/(n^2))

Change in energy (delta E) that occurs when an electron undergoes a transition between levels n-intitial (n) and n-final (N)

delta E = -2.18 (10^-18) [(1/{N^2})-(1/{n^2})]

Order of filling orbitals

1s2s2p3s3p4s3d4p5s4d5p6s

Enthalpy change of a reaction (delta H rxn)

delta H rxn = sum (delta H's bonds broken) + sum (delta H's bonds formed)

Bond order of a diatomic molecule

[number of electron is bonding MOs - number of electrons in anti bonding MOs] / 2