Orgo exam 3 flash cards

carbonyl reduction

is a chemical reaction that involves the conversion of a carbonyl group (C=O) into an alcohol (C-OH). This process is typically achieved using reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride.

LiAlH4

NaBH4

lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4)

reacts with aldehydes

ketone to form alcohols through reduction.

sodium borohydride (NaBH4)

reacts with ester amides aldehydes and ketones

elimination of alcohol

1- E2

2+3- E1

reagent for - H2SO4

TSOH

POCl3

H2SO4

1- E2

2+3- E1

reagent used to dehydrate alcohols

TSOH

A strong acid used as a reagent in dehydration reactions and promoting E1 and E2 eliminations of alcohols.

POCl3

A reagent used for the dehydration of alcohols, typically yielding alkenes through elimination reactions.

Only does E2 can do 1,2,3

oxidation of alcohols

The process where alcohols are converted into carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes or ketones via oxidizing agents.

3 - tertiary carbons yield no reactions must have hydrogen

common reagents

CrO3/H2So4 - stronger

Pcc (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) - milder

CrO3/H2So4 - stronger

makes carboxylic acid at 1 - primary carbon

Pcc (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) - milder

makes aldehyde at 1 - primary carbon

protecting groups for alcohol

TMSCl/et3Ni

tbdmscl

removing protecting groups from alcohol

H3O+ ,TBAF

Grignard reagents

R-MgBr /H30 +

can be used to add things must be double bonded to oxygen removes all hydrogens and removes any addtional oxygens

substitution of alcohols

1- primary HX - SN2

2+3- secondary or tertiary—does SN1 HX

only SN2 and no-tertiary

SoCl2

PBr3

TSCl/ pyridine

make a good leaving group for SN2

ether creation

NaH deprotnates alchol then leaving group gets booted out

epoxidation with acid

OH goes to least substitution.

epoxidation with base

OH goes to most substitution.