Anatomy & Physiology Chp. 1 Systems, etc.

Vocab quiz #1

Anatomy

the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another

Physiology

the study of how the body and its parts work or function

Atom

tiny building blocks of matter

Cells

the smallest units of all living things

Tissue

groups of similar cells that have a common function

Organ

structure of composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body

Organ System

group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

Organism

an individual living thing

Integumentary System

external covering of the body (skin)

Skeletal System

consists of bone, cartilages, ligaments, and joints

Muscular System

organ system consisting of skeletal muscles and their connective tissue attachments

Nervous System

the body’s fast-acting control system

Endocrine System

controls body activities, but acts much more slowly

Cardiovascular System

organ system that distributes blood to all parts of the body

Lymphatic System

system of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs and tissue

Respiratory System

keeps the body constantly supplied with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide

Digestive System

breaks down food and delivers the products to the blood for dispersal to the body cells

Urinary System

removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them through the body in urine

Reproductive System

reproduce offspring

Movement

includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system (walking, swimming)

Responsiveness / Irritability

the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then react to them

Digestion

the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood

Metabolism

refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells

Excretion

process of removing excreta, or wastes, from the body

Reproduction

the production of offspring

Homeostasis

the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions

Nutrients

the body takes in through food

Growth

an increase in size, usually accomplished by an increase in the number of cells

Water

one of the survival needs

Receptor

1). type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment

Control Center

2). determines the level (set point) at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the information it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course of action

Effector

3). provides the means for the control center’s response between the receptor, control center, and effector is essential for normal operation of the system

Negative feedback mechanisms

feedback that causes the stimulus to decline or end

Positive feedback mechanisms

feedback that tends to cause a variable to change in the same direction as the initial change; enhances the stimulus

Homeostatic imbalance

helps regard disease in balancing homeostasis