Unit 1 Geo All Units

What is geography?

The study of people - places - and processes and how they connect

What questions do geographers ask?

Where are things located - Why are they there - How do places differ - How do people interact with the environment

What are the two main types of geography?

Physical geography - Human geography

What does physical geography study?

Patterns of climates - landforms - natural vegetation - soil - water

What does human geography study?

How people change Earth's surface including urban planning - transportation - tourism

What are some examples of connections geographers study?

Deforestation - Loss of species - Pollution - Natural hazards

What are the different ways of thinking geographically?

Logically - Historically - Emotionally - Geographically

What is spatial significance?

Understanding what’s where - why there - and why it matters

What is interrelationship in geography?

Connections between people - nature - and other living things

What are patterns and trends?

Changes over time and space

What is demography?

The study of population

How has Canada's demography changed in the last decade?

Immigration - Urbanization - Aging population

What is the Golden Horseshoe?

A highly populated region stretching around Lake Ontario from Niagara Falls to Barrie

What is geographic perspective?

Analyzing issues through Social - Environmental - Economic - Political lenses (S.E.E.P.)

What does S.E.E.P. stand for?

Social - Environmental - Economic - Political

Why is the Greater Toronto Area important politically?

It has a large voting population - influencing Canadian politics

What is a map?

A symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place on a flat surface

What is a reference map?

A map showing political boundaries and general locations

What is a thematic map?

A map focusing on one specific topic like weather

What is a topographic map?

A map that shows elevation using symbols and contour lines

What does closer contour lines on a topo map indicate?

Steeper terrain

What is a large-scale map?

Shows a small area with a large amount of detail

What is a small-scale map?

Shows a large area with less detail

Why are all maps wrong?

Because projecting the round Earth on a flat surface distorts shape - size - and area

What is a compass?

A tool used to find direction using the four cardinal points - North - East - South - West

What is relative location?

Describes a place in relation to another

What is absolute location?

Uses latitude and longitude to pinpoint an exact place on Earth

What is latitude?

Lines that measure distance north or south of the Equator

What is longitude?

Lines that measure distance east or west of the Prime Meridian

How is absolute location measured?

Using degrees - minutes - seconds of latitude and longitude

What is GPS?

A system using 24 satellites to triangulate absolute location

How does GPS work?

It connects to at least 4 satellites to determine precise location

What is GIS?

A software system that layers maps and data to analyze patterns and relationships

What does GIS allow users to do?

Customize layers of data to fit their analysis needs

What are key elements to include on a map?

Name - Descriptive title - North arrow or compass rose - Legend - Border - Colour - Labels - Scale

What should be included in a map legend?

All symbols used on the map with explanations

What colour should be avoided on non-water features in a map?

Blue

How should labels be written on maps?

In pencil - straight - consistent - oceans in uppercase - rivers in lowercase

What are the three types of map scale?

Direct statement - Ratio scale - Bar scale

What is Canadian identity?

How Canadians perceive themselves and their country

What contributes to Canadian identity?

Environment - Faith and symbols - Economy - Experiences - Languages - Visions and dreams

Who are some Canadian icons?

Terry Fox - Viola Desmond - David Suzuki

What are some iconic Canadian places?

CN Tower - Niagara Falls - Lake Louise - Parliament Hill

What are some symbols of Canada?

Canadian flag - Maple leaf - Company logos

What is patriotism?

Pride and support for one's country - like cheering for Canadian teams

What is diversity in Canada?

Presence of different ethnicities - languages - cultures - religions - beliefs

What is multiculturalism?

A law affirming equality and acceptance of all Canadians regardless of differences

What does the mosaic model of Canada represent?

People retain their unique cultures while accepting diversity

What forms can discrimination take?

Stereotypes - Prejudice - Violence - Hatred

What is an issue in geography?

A complex problem with multiple causes - perspectives - and emotional reactions

Why do geographers study issues?

To understand the world - Canada - and themselves through connections

What does F.O.C.U.S. stand for?

Facts - Opinion - Choice - Urgency - Solution

What are the four types of issues?

Social or Cultural - Environmental - Economic - Political

What is a social issue?

An issue that impacts relationships or communities

What is an environmental issue?

An issue that affects ecosystems or natural areas

What is an economic issue?

An issue that affects financial well-being

What is a political issue?

An issue that affects power or control of governments or organizations