Oral communication midterm

communication

a complex process through which we express, interpret, and coordinate messages with others

Messages

verbal utterances, visual images, and nonverbal behaviors used to convey thoughts and feelings

Encoding

the process of creating messages

Decoding

the process of interpreting a message

Feedback

a response message that indicates how the initial message was interpreted

Intrapersonal communication

refers to the interactions that occur in our minds when we are talking to ourselves

interpersonal communication

characterized by informal interaction between two people who have an identifiable relationship with each other

Channels

both the route traveled by the message and the means of transportation

Synchronicity

the extent to which a channel allows for immediate feedback

communication competence

the impression that communicative behavior is appropriate and effective in a given situation

self-perception

the overall view we have of ourselves based on both self-concept and self-esteem

self-esteem

the degree to which we value ourselves based on our self-concept

independent self-perceptions

based on the belief that traits and abilities are both internal to the person and generally applicable to a variety of situations

interdependent self-perceptions

based on the belief that traits and abilities are specific to a particular context or relationship

self-fulfilling prophecy

an inaccurate perception of a skill, characteristic, or situation that leads to behaviors that perpetuate that false perceptions are true

values

the commonly accepted standards of what is considered right and wrong, good and evil, fair and unjust, and so on

intercultural communication

the interactions that occur between people across cultures

dominant culture

the learned system of norms held by the majority group of empowered people in a society

co-culture

a nondominant cultural group comprised of people who hold common values, beliefs, attitudes, and customs that differ from those of the dominant culture

cultural identity

the part of our self-concept that is based on how closely we associate ourselves with the dominant culture and various co-cultures

racial identity

a co-cultural group classified according to fluid social and historical contexts rather than strict biological characteristics

ethnic identity

a shared set of ideas about ones cultural heritage and a sense of belonging to that group based on shared knowledge and experiences

sex

biologically determined physical traits of "male" and "female" as determined at birth

gender identity

a persons internal sense of being male, female, some combination of male and female, or neither male nor female

gender expression

the physical and behavioral manifestations of gender identity

power distance

the extent to which members of a culture expect and accept that power will be equally or unequally shared

high power-distance-oriented culture

unequal distribution of power is accepted by both high and low power holders

masculine-oriented culture

men and women tend to be expected to adhere to traditional gender roles and behaviors

low power-distance oriented culture

members prefer power to be more equally distributed

feminine-oriented culture

people assume a variety of roles and are valued for doing so regardless of sex

dialect

a unique form of a more general language spoken by a specific culture of co-culture

pragmatic meaning

interpreting a message related to its conversational context

mindfulness

the practice of paying attention to what is happening at any given moment

nonverbal communication

all the messages we send in ways that transcend spoken or written words

kinesics

the technical name for what and how the body communicates

gestures

the movements of our hands, arms, and fingers

oculesics

the technical term for eye contact

facial expression

using facial muscles to convey emotions

body orientation

how we position our body in relation to other people

haptics

the technical term for what and how touch communicates