Hospital Pharm Exam 3

_______________ is the term that describes what a healthcare provider receives for

Compensation

_________ describes how much benefit is received for a service compared to how much it costs to provide

ROI

This is the federal program that allows eligible hospitals and other healthcare institutions to purchase outpatient drugs at significantly reduced prices from drug manufacturers

340B Drug Pricing

Which of the following statements is true?

Health insurance companies are not required by law to pay bills submitted by pharmacists for most non-dispensing services

Which of the following programs follow the traditional fee-for-service payment model?

340B Drug Pricing program

A ____________ is the argument made to potential internal and external stakeholders that the benefits of an ambulatory service exceed the costs of providing it. It is often made by showing that the service achieves a positive ROI.

Business case

A ____ describes the value proposition made to customers, the resources and processes used to create the value proposition, and the profit formula for generating sufficient revenues to cover the costs of providing the customer value proposition over time

Business plan
Business model

A _________ value proposition centers on offering convenience to patients. It highlights things like nearby locations, fast service, liberal hours of operation, home delivery, 24-hour access to pharmacists via telephone or online services, and other conveniences

Functional

Which performance measures associated with the CMS Hospital Inpatient Value-Based Purchasing Program can be influenced by pharmacist services?

a. Clinical processes

b. Patient outcomes

c. Patient experience

d. Efficiency

e. All of the above.

The is a pharmacist who takes ownership for the success of a pharmacy initiative. This individual may or may not have a formal title.

Pharmacist champion

What are the physiologic barriers the IV route of administration bypasses that creates a higher risk for preventable adverse medical events?

Gut, liver, skin

Which of the following risk levels of compounding involves the use of components that are not sterile and may not be pyrogen-free?

High risk

Which document contains the exact directions for the compounding of a batch preparation?

Master formula sheet

Which of the following areas requires air quality of at least ISO 7 or better for sterile compounding

a. DCA

b. PEC

c. C-PEC

d. C-SEC

e. None of the above

Which of the following types of compounding require a physically separate room?

Hazardous drug (HD)

Which of the following components used for compounding would require full compliance with USP Chapter <800>

Antineoplastic HDs in unit dose packaging to be crushed

Which of the following is likely to contribute the most microbial contamination to a sterile compounding work environment?

Personnel

Which of the following items of garb is NOT required for sterile, non-hazardous drug compounding?

Goggles

Verification of compounded sterile preparations by a pharmacist is:

Can be done remotely by a pharmacist using workflow technology.

Which of the following is considered a HD?

All of the above

Which of the following would be considered parenteral routes of administration?

a. Intradermal
b. Intravenous

c. Epidural

d. All of the above

In their orders, physicians must specify all the information necessary to compound a parenteral drug.

False

Which of the following forms of infusion access is appropriate for IV therapy lasting more than a week but less than a month

Peripheral, midline

Which of the following is the most commonly used parenteral route

Intravenous

Infusion rates can be impacted by temperature and solution viscosity when which of the following types of infusion pumps is used?

Elastomeric chambers

Which of the following requires special precautions to prevent glass particulates from entering a compounded sterile preparation?

Ampul

Which of the following is true about “smart pumps”?

The ISMP and ASHP recommend the use of smart pumps for all hospital infusions.

During what part of the medication-use process do most parenteral medication errors take place?

Administering

IV infusions are more often associated with medication errors than IV bolus doses.

False

Which of the following medications is NOT considered to be a vesicant drug or class?

Normal saline

Leaders are born, not made.

False

Leaders who do not have formal leadership positions are called ________ leaders.

“Little L” leaders - ‘These are individuals with sources of non-formal power who lead change in pharmacy settings from the bottom up’

A leader who believes that followers have “bad attitudes” is likely to encourage “bad attitudes” and unproductive behaviors in those followers.

True

Leaders exert influence by their willingness and ability to exert _________

Power - Leadership is about influencing change, and power is the ability to influence

Which of the following is LEAST EFFECTIVE in most situations when used as the primary leadership style?

Coercive

Task-oriented leaders are more likely to provide support to followers than follower-oriented leaders.

False

What form of power is most associated with transformational leaders?

Charismatic power - Charisma is the ability to inspire enthusiasm. Transformational leaders inspire enthusiasm in followers by providing a vision of what is possible

Effective leadership can be done without conscious effort

True

How can a pacesetting leadership style be ineffective?

When expectations of performance are not clear to followers, when demands are deemed to be unreasonable or overwhelming, or when the pacesetter is perceived to be arrogant or narcissistic

A leader can be very successful in a dynamic environment with a single leadership

False

The following is a good performance standard: “All employees should try not to be late for work.”

False

The purpose of screening job applicants is to identify the best candidate for the position

False

Interview questions should be based upon:

a. Position descriptions

b. Performance standards

c. The interviewer’s personal interests

d. Details about the candidate’s resume and application

(all of them)

interview questions are based on the assumption that what people have done in the past is predictive of what they will do in the future.

Behavioral

Perceptions matter more in interactions between managers and employees than the truth

True

Employees should be included in all managerial decisions

Flase

Which of the following methods of performance feedback are most effective, on average, in influencing employee behavior?

Day-to-day feedback

Greater pay motivates better performance in employees

True

False

(both were marked correct?)

Which of the following actions might indicate an ineffective performance review?

a. The manager emphasizes the award of a pay raise during the review.

b. The manager focuses on all of the negative behaviors of the employee throughout the evaluation period.

The primary purpose of progressive discipline is which of the following?

Encourage employees to change from unacceptable to acceptable performance.

A pharmacy graduate needs a residency to become a health-system pharmacist

False

I am about to graduate from a Doctor of Pharmacy program. I really want to work as a hospital pharmacist, but I was thinking of working for a community pharmacy chain first until I pay off my student loans. Then I would look for a hospital job. Is this a good idea?

Probably not

I do not know what I want to do with my life. Should I get an MBA

Maybe

Which is the better graduate degree

a. MBA

b. MPH

c. MS

(all were marked)

Which is the better choice regarding when to enter into a graduate program?

a. Go straight into a graduate program after pharmacy school.

b. Work for a while before applying to graduate school.

(both were marked)

Compensation packages in health-system practice are much less than community pharmacy.

a. True

b. False

(both were marked)

My parents want me to start working after graduation at a well-known community pharmacy chain, but I am thinking about doing a residency. What should I do?

Listen to your parents, but make your own decision.

What is the best way to get into hospital and health-system pharmacy practice?

a. Complete a residency.

b. Gain hospital and health-system pharmacy internship experience.

c. Get a MBA.

d. Network with hospital and health-system pharmacists.
e. None of the above

I didn’t like my initial health-system professional practice experience. Is this what health-system practice is like?

Probably not