vocab

Succeed

to withdraw from an organization (such as a religious communion or political party or Federation)

Great awakening

a revival of religious feeling in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1750s

Abolition

movement and slavery

Republic

a government which the citizens rule through elected representatives

Federalism

a political system In which A national government and constituent units, such as state governments, share power

Checks and balances

– the provisions in the US Constitution that prevent any branch of the US government from dominating the other two branches

Federalist

– a supporter of the constitution and a strong national Government

Anti federalism

–An opponent of a strong central government

Judicial review

the Supreme Court's power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

Enlightenment

– an 18 century intellectual movement that emphasizes the use of reason and the scientific method as the means of obtaining knowledge

Egalitarianism

– The belief that all people should have equal political economic social and civil rights

Popular sovereignty

–A system in which the residence vote to decide an issue

Notification

–A state refusal to recognize an active Congress that it considers unconstitutional

Conscription

–The drafting of citizens for military service

Carpetbagger

A northerner who moved to the south after the Civil War

Scalliwag

–A white Southerner who joined the Republican Party after the Civil War

Sharecropping

–A system in which land owners give farm workers land, seats and tools to return for a part of the crops they raise

Impeach

–To challenge the credibility or Validity of, To cast doubt on

Emancipation

–To a free someone from restraint, control or the power of another

Ratify

– to approve and sanction formally

Social gospel movement

–A 19th century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty

Settlement house

– a community center providing assistance to residents, particularly immigrants, in slum neighborhoods

Gold standard

– a monetary system in which the basic unit of currency is defined in terms of a set amount of gold

bimetallism

The use of both gold and silver as a basis for a national monetary system

Patronage

– An officeholder power to appoint people, usually those who have helped him or her get elected, to positions in government

Social Darwinism

–And economic and social philosophy, supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin theory of evolution by natural selection, Holding that system or unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest

Initiative

–A procedure by which a legislative measure can be organized by the people rather than by lawmakers

Nativism

–Favoring the interest of the native born people over foreign born people

Recall

–A procedure of removing a public official front office by a vote of the people

Populism

–A late 19th century political movement demanding that people have a greater voice in government and seeking to advance the interest of farmers and laborers

Grange

–The patrons of husbandry,A social and educational organization through which farmers attempted to combat the power of railroads and the late 19th century

Civil service –The non

military branches of government administration

Political machine

–And organized group that controls a political party in a city and offer services to voters and businesses

tenement–

A multifamily urban dwelling, Usually overcrowded and unsanitary

Muckraker

–One of the magazine journalist who expose the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s

Referendum

–A procedure by which a proposed legislative measure can be submitted to a vote of the people

Urbanization

–The growth of cities

Trust

–A business structure where competing companies, or their controlling shares, are transferred to a small group of trustees who then control the industry as a single entity

Monopoly

–A business with complete control over a particular industry or market, giving it the power to set prices and eliminate competition

Imperialism

–The policy of extending a nations authority over other countries by economic, political or military means

Yellow journalism

–The use of sensationalized and exaggerated reporting by newspapers or magazines to attract readers

Annexation

– The act of incorporating a territory into a larger political entity, often a state or country

Protectorate

–A country whose affairs arePartially controlled by a stronger power

Dollar diplomacy

–The US policy of using the nations economic power to exert influence over other countries

Militarism

The policy of building up armed forces in aggressivePreparedness for war and their use as a tool of diplomacy

Trench warfare

–Military operations in which the opposing forces attack and counterattack from systems of fortified ditches rather than on an open battlefields

Conscientious objector

A person who refuses, on moral grounds to participate in warfare

Mechanized warfare

–Combat that employs armored and motorized vehicles and weapons for rapid movement and attack

Propaganda

– a kind of based communication designed to influence peoples thoughts and actions

Armistice

–A agreement to end an armed conflict

Great migration

–The large scale movement of African Americans from the south to northern cities in the early 20th century

Nationalism

–A devotion to the interest in culture of one's nation

Homefront

The people who stay in a country and work while soldiers are fighting in war in a foreign country

Reparations

–The compensation paid by a defeated nation for the damage or injury inflicted during a war

War bond

–Debt security that a government sells to citizens to help fund military operations during a conflict

Quota system

–A system that sets limit limits on how many immigrants from various countries a nation will admit each year

Installment plan

–And arrangement in which a purchaser pays over an extended time, without having to put down much money at the time of purchase

Speak easy

–A place where alcohol alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during prohibition

Bootlegger

–A person who smuggled alcoholic beverages into the United States during prohibition

Flapper

–One of the free thinking young woman who embrace the new fashions and urban attitudes of the 1920s

Harlem Renaissance

A flowering of African American artistic creativity during the 1920s centered in Harlem community of New York City

Speculation

– an involvement in risky business transactions in an effort to make a quick or large profit

Price support

– the maintenance of a price at a certain level through government intervention

Dust Bowl

– The region, including Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado and New Mexico, That was made worthless for farming by drought and dust storms during the 1930s

Shanty town

–A neighborhood in which people live in makeshift shacks

Direct relief

–The giving of money or food by the government directly to needy people

Bonus army

–A group of World War I veterans and their families who marched on Washington DC, in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of a bonus they had been promised from military service

New deal

–President Franklin Roosevelt's program to alleviate the problems of the great depression focusing on relief for the needy, economic recovery and financial reform

Fundamentalism

–A protestant religious movementGrounded in the belief that all the stories and details in the Bible are literally true

Parity

–A government A government supported level for the prices of agricultural products instead to keep farmers income study

Deficit spending

–A government spending of more money than it receives in revenue

Double standard

A set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men then to women