BP1

Bio Paper 1

Prokaryote or Eukaryote in paramecium?

Campartments in the cell indicates that it's a eukaryote

Property of water which makes it suitable for living?

Thermal

Watson and Crick discovery about DNA

DNA is double helix

Process which causes ADP to turn to ATP

Anaerobic cell respiration

What occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

Homologous chromosomes pair up

Variation within a population

Fertilization and mutaion

Characteristic of antigen?

Stimulates the production of antibodies

What protects body from blood loss

Fibrin

Hormone that inhibits appetite?

leptin

Hormone that regulates basal metabolic rate?

thyroid glands

why striated muscle is exception to cell theory?

more than one nucleus

properties of stem cells

they can differentiate

phospholipid bilayer

the placement of integral and peripheral proteins in the membrane

evidence for endosymbiotic theory

mitochondrial DNA in Eukaryota cells

breakdown of starch into sugar

catabolic

why can water dissolve solutes?

polarity of water molecule, hydrogen bonds

why fever can be dangerous in human?

overactive metabolic enzymes

Similarities between DNA and RNA

Both are nucleic acids; both have A, C, and G

what enables bacteria to produce human growth hormones?

genetic code is universal

product of anaerobic respiration?

yeast: co2 & ethanol; humans: lactate; small yield of atp

product of aerobic cell respiration?

large yield ofATP; co2 & water

product of somatic cell nuclear transfer?

cloned embryos

diploid chromosome number

species have the same diploid number of chromosomes

comparison of DNA between prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell

prokaryote DNA associated with histone, Eukaryote DNA associated with proteins

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

Consumer

An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms

Detrivore

organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter

Saprotrophs

an organism that feeds on or derives nourishment from decaying organic matter.

what restricts the food chain?

energy loss in trophical levels

adaptive radiation

evolution from a common ancestor of many species adapted to diverse environments

divergent radiation

Species that were once similar become increasingly different to fit different environments

convergent evolution

Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species

Discountinuous Variation

charactristics that one can have or dont, blood groups

what increases the antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

natural selection

sexual reproduction

A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

Mutation

change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information

natural selection

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

Bryophyta domain

eukaryotes

transfer of monosacchrides f.x. fructose

facilitated diffusion

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Endocytosis

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

active transport

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy

why penicillin is not used for HIV patients?

penicillin does not effects the viruses

purpose of pulmonary sufacant

decrease surface tension

hormone that controls circadian rhymes?

melatonin

negative feedback mechanism in menstrual cycle

estrogen inhibits FSH

single membrane structure in eukaryotes

lysosome

Organelle

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell

organelle involved in generating vesicles for cell membrane

Golgi apparatus

protein in human skin and ligament

collagen

why species contain a larger number of protein than genes that code for them?

some genes code for several proteins

Euglena

autotrophic and heterotrophic

what characteristics of water vapor makes it green house gas

it absorbs and re-emits some of the long wave radiation emitted by earth surface

how no resistant bacteria develop antibiotic resistance?

receiving antibiotic resistance from other population using plasmids

which domain have organelles?

eukaryotes

kingdom

fungi, plantae, animals, protactista

Corniferophyta

no fruit, have stems, leaves, seeds and roots

Bryophytes

no leaves, fruits, seed, stem and vascular tissue

Filicinophyta

A group of plants with roots, leaves, and short stems. They have no lignin, and leaves

Angiospermophyta

A group of plants with roots, stems, and leaves, which produce flowers.

blood vessle with least co2 concentration

pulmonary vein

the hormone that thickens the lining of the uterus is called

progestrone

what helps blood to flow from the heart in artery

elastic fibers

organelles that are more visible in pancreas digestive enzyme?

Rough ER and Golgi apparatus

cell membrane

DNA vs RNA

deoxyribose sugar vs. ribose sugar, thymine vs. uracil , double strand vs. single strand

process that changes ADP to ATP

anaerobic cell respiration

what occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

homologous chromosomes pair up and fall apart

causes of variation within population?

fertilization and mutation

what does antigen do?

triggers the production of antibodies

What does active transport require?

ATP

structions that have phospholibid bilayers?

vesicles and nucleus

endosymbiotic theory

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living cells

glucose molecule

C6H12O6

element more common in proteins?

nitrogen

Carbohydrates

the starches and sugars present in foods

cell theory

-all living things are composed of cells
-cells are the basic units of life
-new cells are produced from existing cells

size of cell in plants and animals

10-100

Eukaryote chromosomes

linear DNA molecules associated with histone proteins, 80 chromosomes

Prokaryote chromosomes

- Consist of a CIRCULAR DNA molecule
- NAKED
- no associated proteins
- PLASMIDS often present
- 70 chromosomes

emergent properties

result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system

why stem cells used in repairing damaged organs?

they can reproduce

function of membrane protein?

enzymatic activity

Route to export proteins from the cell

rER-\>Golgi apparatus -\>plasma membrane

what is needed fro osmosis to occur?

a solute concentration gradient

role of protein pumps and ATP in active transport

to move substances across concentration gradient

osmosis

diffusion of water from low to high solute

dissaccharides

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides, staches

breakdown of larger molecules into smaller?

hydrolysis reaction

functions of lipids

Insulation, energy storage

effect of protein denaturation

losing the three dimensional structure of a protein

Why is sweat a good coolant for the body?

Breaking H bonds between water molecules in sweat requires energy from body heat

most frequently occurring elements in living organism

nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

inorganic compound made by human

co2

what always contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen?

carbohydrates, protein, fat

reaction needed to break starch into sugars

condensation

Community

All the different populations that live together in an area