Studied by 5 people
Spanish Requirement
Mandate for Natives to submit to Spanish authority.
Religious Hierarchy
Structure of authority in Christianity from God to Natives.
St. Peter
Considered founder of Christianity, first Pope.
Peninsulares
Spanish officials born in Europe, held key positions.
Creoles
Children of Europeans born in Latin America.
Mestizos
Children of European and Native American unions.
Mulattoes
Children of European and African unions.
Encomienda System
Forced labor system for Native Americans by Spaniards.
Mita System
Drafted Native labor for silver mines in Peru.
Demographic Collapse
Significant decrease in population, especially Natives.
Juan Sepúlveda
Argued Natives were uncivilized, justified Spanish rule.
Bartolomé de las Casas
Advocated for Native rights against Spanish abuses.
Atlantic Slave Trade
Transport of 12.4 million African slaves to Americas.
Triangular Trade
Trade route linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Columbian Exchange
Widespread exchange of goods between Eastern and Western hemispheres.
Favorable Balance of Trade
Exporting more than importing, ideal economic condition.
Unfavorable Balance of Trade
Importing more than exporting, negative economic condition.
Great Britain
Dominant nation in the Atlantic Slave Trade.
Spanish Colonial Social Hierarchy
Social structure including Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, and others.
Gold and Silver
Resources extracted to fund wars and colonization.
European Diseases
Major factor in Native population decline post-contact.
Alliances with Tribes
Strategic partnerships aiding Spanish conquest of empires.
Natives' Ultimatum
Refusal to accept Spanish led to slavery or execution.
Why were Africans the ideal group of people for doing labor and etc?
Africans had resistance to tropical diseases, ideal for labor.
Plantation System
Agricultural system relying on slave labor for production.
Raw Materials
Products sent from Americas to Europe, including tobacco.
Imported Goods
Products brought into a country from abroad.
Exported Goods
Products sold by one country to another.
Note 
Flashcard (100)