Thẻ ghi nhớ: Time Period 2 - European Renaissance & Exploration, Maritime Empires, and Early Modern Japan | Quizlet

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Renaissance

"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome

Caravel

A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.

trade winds

winds that blow from the horse latitudes toward the equator

Westerlies winds

winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.

portolan maps

Maps with lines radiating from compasses that showed routes to important ports

joint stock

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Royal Patronage

Royal power paying/ hiring crew for the voyage

Treaty of Tordesillas

A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.

Cartaz

A permit (tax) that the Portuguese required of all merchant vessels attempting to trade in the Indian Ocean.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Prince Henry the Navigator

Funded the portugal's exploration in finding the route to the east

Johannes Gutenberg

A German printer who cast letters of the alphabet in lead, making it possible to arrange them into words; Creating the printing press in the 13th century

Miguel de Cervantes

Spanish writer, expanded on Spanish literature best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form

cash crop

a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower.

Indentured Servants

Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor

Peninsulares

Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.

Creoles

Descendents of Spanish-born but born in Latin America

Mulatos

People of mixed European and African ancestry; mestizos and these people occupied the lower political and social positions in Spanish American society

Mestizos

A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory

Zambos

People of mixed Native American and African descent. Lowest tier of social class, with no rights

Mercantlism

with the idea of a 'fixed-wealth system' the State control of trade hoping to enhancing national power at the expense of rival countries

Charter Companies

commissioned by the monarch; to administrate and run colonies for a set amount of time at their own private expense

Tokugawa Shogunate

a dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603 to 1867

Edo Period

Japan attempted to get the daimyo to settle in a major city by making cultural elements appealing. Focusing on peace and prosperity in their government

Shimabara Rebellion

peasant uprising, protest against taxes but also religious persecution, defeated, led to end of Christianity in Japan before the 19th century, contact with foreigners restricted

Sakoku

Japan's self-imposed isolation from the outer world that lasted 2 centuries until 1868; closed country