Biology C1.2 Definitions

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate- a high energy nucleotide used for energy storage and transfer, called the energy currency of the cell. Made of the nitrogen-containing base Adenine, the five-carbon sugar Ribose and three phosphate groups with negative charge

ADP

Adenosine diphosphate- formed when ATP loses one of its phosphate groups, releasing a small amount of energy that can be used for various processes

Aerobic respiration

Respiration (of glucose, fats, amino acids after deamination) in the presence of oxygen, producing energy, co2, and water. Occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria and releases more than 30 ATP

Anaerobic respiration

Respiration (of only carbohydrates) in the absence of oxygen, producing energy, co2 and ethanol / lactate (lactic acid). Occurs in the cytoplasm and releases only 2 ATP

Oxygen debt

Demand for oxygen that builds up during a period of anaerobic respiration. Oxygen is needed to break down the lactate formed from anaerobic respiration

Cell respiration process

1. Glycolysis: Break down of glucose to pyruvate in cytoplasm - 2 ATP

2. Link Rxn: Acetyl CoA in mitochondria

3. Krebs Cycle: KC in mitochondria - 2 ATP

4. Chemiosmosis: Electron Transport Chain in mitochondria - 32 ATP