Physiology: Skeletal System-Unit 2

4 Functions of Skeletal System

1. Protects Internal Organs (heart, lungs, brain)

2. Support body with structure

3. Move with the aid of muscular system

4. Produce blood cells (WBC, RBC, Platelets)

Osseous Bone (Compact bone) Overview (2)

Overview:

• Provides strength/protection

• Shaft (middle) of bone.

Spongy bone Overview (2)

Overview:

1. Aids in blood cell production

2. Ends of long bones.

Cartilage Overview (3)

Overview:

1. Aids in strength & flexibility

2. Absorbs shock at joints

3. Covers tips/ends of long bones

Compact Bone, Spongy bone, Dense connective & Cartilage are all in _____ group

C (Connective Tissue)

Compact Bone Functions (2)

1. Found in the middle system of bone.

2. Provides strength / protection

3 Specialized Cells of Compact Bone (osseous)

1. Osteocytes

2. Osteoblasts

3. Osteoclasts

Osteocyte Function

Maintain Bone Tissue

Spongy Bone Functions (2)

1. Found inside the ends of long bones.

2. Contains red bone marrow—makes blood.

Dense Connective Tissue Functions (2)

1. Includes tendons/ligaments

2. Resists stress

Dense Connective Tissue Specialized Cell (1)

Fibroblast

Fibroblast Function

Create collagen

Cartilage Function (3)

1. Found covering the ends of bones, ears, ribcage

2. Absorbs shock

3. Provides flexibility/strength

Cartilage Special Cell (1)

Chrondrocyte

Chrondrocyte function

Creates cartilage

Long Bone Features

Cylinder-like, longer than they are wide.

Long Bone Function

Leverage

Long Bone Examples (10)

• femur

• tibia

• fibula

• metatarsals

• humerus

• ulna

• radius

• metacarpals

• phalanges

• clavicles

Short Bone Feature (2)

Cube Like or round

Short Bone Functions (2)

Stability, Support

Short Bone Examples (2)

ONLY Carpals & Tarsals

Flat Bone Features (2)

Thin & curved

Both Flat Bone & Irregular Bone Function:

Protection

Flat Bone Examples (4)

1. Sternum

2. Ribs

3. Scapula

4. Facial Bones (Skull plates NOT facial bones)

Irregular Bone Feature

Complex Shape

Irregular Bone Examples (3)

1. Vertebrae

2. Facial bones

3. Pelvis

Axial includes (3)

1. Skull

2. Vertebrae

3. Ribs

Axial Function

Support & Protect Organs; creates surface for attachment of muscles.

Appendicular Includes (3)

1. Limbs (arms & legs)

2. Pectoral Girdle

3. Pelvic Girdle

Appendicular Function

Movement

Anatomy of the Human Skull

Frontal

Anatomy of the Human Skull

Lacrimal

Anatomy of the Human Skull

Temporal Bone

Anatomy of the Human Skull

Nasal

Anatomy of the Human Skull

Zygomatic Process

Anatomy of the Human Skull

Maxilla

Anatomy of the Human Skull

Mandible

Top View of Human Skull

Frontal

Top View of Human Skull

Coronal Suture

Top View of Human Skull

Parietal

Top View of Human Skull

Sagittal Suture

Top View of Human Skull

Lamboidal Suture

Top View of Human Skull

Occipital

Side View of Human Skull

Coronal Suture

Side View of Human Skull

Frontal

Side View of Human Skull

Splenoid

Side View of Human Skull

Lacrimal

Side View of Human Skull

Nasal

Side View of Human Skull

Zygomatic Process

Side View of Human Skull

Maxilla

Side View of Human Skull

Mandible

Side View of Human Skull

Parietal

Side View of Human Skull

Temporal

Side View of Human Skull

Squamous Suture

Side View of Human Skull

Lamboidal Suture

Side View of Human Skull

Occipital

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Cervical Vertebrae

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Thoracic Vertebrae

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Lumbar Vertebrae

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Pelvis

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Sacrum

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Coccyx

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Pubis Symphysis

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Talus

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Clavicle

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Scapula

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Sternum

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Ribs

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Humerus

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Radius

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Ulna

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Carpals

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Metacarpals

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Phalanges (hands)

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Femur

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Patella

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Tibia

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Fibula

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Calcaneus

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Tarsals

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Metatarsals

Anatomy of Human Skeleton

Phalanges (feet)

Both Clavicle & Scapula are part of the

Pectoral Girdle

Vertebrae

Cervical Vertebrae

Vertebrae

Thoracic Vertebrae

Vertebrae

Lumbar Vertebrae

Vertebrae

Sacrum

Vertebrae

Coccyx

Cervical Vertebrae has _______ verterbae

7

Thoracic Vertebrae has _____ vertebrae

12

Lumbar Vertebrae has _____ vertebrae

5

Ribs (Axial Skeleton)

True Ribs

Ribs (Axial Skeleton)

False Ribs

Ribs (Axial Skeleton)

Floating Ribs

Ribs (Axial Skeleton)

Sternum

Ribs (Axial Skeleton)

Cartilage

True Ribs _____ attach to Sternum

DIRECTLY

False Ribs _______ directly attach to Sternum (shared cartilage)

DO NOT

Floating ribs do not attach _________ to the Sternum (no cartilage)

AT ALL

True Ribs have ____ ribs

7