STS

Science, Technology and Society

study how social, political, and cultural values affect scientific research and technological innovation

Science

organized and dynamic inquiry (following scientific method) a human activity and a social enterprise that leads to formation of concepts, methods and principles, theories, law and procedures which seek to describe and explain nature and its phenomena

Technology

material product as result of scientific inquiry. It is the application of knowledge

Fire

most important discovery and invention of man in the stone age

Persian Civilization

it is also called achaemenid empire, located now in Iran

Cyrus the great

who built the persian civilization

india’s indus valley to europe’s balkan peninsula

the persian civilization was extended from-

Persepolis

capital of persia

Satrap

powerful provincial governor in ancient persian empires

Zoroastrianism

one of the world’s oldest monotheistic religions, religion of persia

persia

Qanat - water supply system

persia

taxation system - traced back to this ancient-

persia

the concept of human rights - written in cuneiform using akkadian language

persia

postal service - first regular postal in the world

persia

sulfuric acid - discovered by abu bakr muhammad Ibn Jakarta al-razi

persia

battery - ceramic pot, metal tube, and metal rod

persia

yakchal - refrigerator (ice pit)

3300 bce - 1300 bce

when did indus-hindu civilization took place

northwest south asia

location of indus

northeast afghanistan, pakistan, northwest india

indus-hindu covered parts

harappan civilization

indus valley is also known as

harappa

first site where archaeological evidence of the civilization was discovered in 1921

theocracy

government system of indus ruled by a divine or religious authority, where religious leaders likely held political power and decisions

Polytheistic

religion of indus valley

indus

standardized weights and measurement

indus

used mud ovens - built above and below ground, utensils mostly made out of clay

indus script

known as harappan script that is still undeciphered

indus

seals (2000 of them), used for trade and identification, made of terracotta and animal symbols

indus

urban planning and housing - houses build from baked bricks

indus

world’s first known urban sanitation system, greatest achievement

indus

ruler made of ivory

indus

ornamental buttons made from seashells

indus

buttons used for decoration, cotton production

indus

stepwell - 5000 years ago, larger than the greatbath

arabian peninsula

arabic civilization is originated in- now located in southeast asia

caliph

ruled islamic islands in the middle east and north africa, also means successor

caliphate

semi-religious government in arabian

islam

religion of arabia, founded by muhammad born in mecca

arabic

noria - water wheel used even in syria

arabic

great mosque of damascus - one of the oldest and largest mosques

arabic

wool weaving, silk production, pottery, jewelry, leather, and perfume industries

arabic

astrolabe - created by muhammad al-fazari - earliest creators in the islamic world

arabic

paper making

arabic

camera obscura - contributing in the field of optics (ibn haytham)

middle ages

also called medieval period, age of religion, or dark ages

middle age

medieval comes from latin word-