Components of Computer System

Peopleware

refers to the people who use, manage, and maintain the computer system.

Software

• program

• language

• operating system

_________The non-physical components such as comptuer _____, computer ______and _______.

Hardware

The computer and all of its physical components such as disk drives, printer, input terminals.

Peopleware

• The most important component of a computer system.

• refers to all individuals who interact with, operate, manage, design, maintain, and secure computer systems.

• Everyone who uses a computer — from beginners to experts.

• computers cannot function meaningfully

• softwares cannot be used

• data cannot be processed properly

Without Peopleware?

• end users

• IT professionals / specialist

• Support Personnel

• Managers and Decision makers

Types of peopleware

• People who use computers for daily tasks.

• Students

• Gamers

• Online sellers

Example of End Users

• trained experts.

• Programmers / Developers

• Network Engineers

• Database Administrators (DBA)

example of IT professionals / specialist

Support personnel

They help users

• IT support staff

• Help desk officers

• Technicians

Example of Support personnel

School administrators

Company managers

Project Leaders

Example of Managers ad Decision Makers

computer instruction or data

• computer programs

• Software means________or____.

they are also known as ________

Software

• Non-tangible

Anything that can be stored electronically is _______.

• It is the ______component of computers.

system software

application software

Open source software

Proprietray Software

Types of Software

System Software

includes the Operating System and all the utilities that enable the computer to function.

System Software

A term referring to any computer software which manages and controls the hardware so that application software can perform  tasks.

OS, Compiler, Loader, Linker, Interpreter

Example of System Software

Operating system

a program that manages the computer hardware.

• starting computer so that hardware components are operating properly

• controlling and managing peripherals

• Retrieving, loading, executing, and storing application programs

• storing and retrieving data and files

• Performing system utility functions.

• Controlling programming tools.

• Acting as an intermediary between the user, application program and hardware devices.

Functions Performed by OS

MS-DOS

a computer operating system by Microsoft Corporation.

MS-DOS

______ allows the user to navigate, open, and otherwise manipulate files on their computer from a command line instead of a GUI like Windows.

Microsoft Windows

• graphical user interface GUI

______A family of operating systems developed and produced by Microsoft Corp.

• It provides a software ___________ used on IBM and compatible computers.

Apple Inc. since 2001.

macOS is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by_____

•  primary operating system for Apple's Mac family of computers.

macOS: Macintosh Operating System

•  the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows.

Application Software

Type of Software that  includes programs that do real work for users.

Example:

• Payroll systems, Inventory Control, Manage student database, Word Processor, Spreadsheet and Database Management System etc.,

1. word processor

2. electronic spreadsheet

3. Graphics

4. Desktop publishing

5. Statistical Analysis

6. Games

7. Data Communications

8. Utilities

Application Packages example

Word Processor

___________is a tool that helps users in creating, editing, and printing documents. 

Examples: Microsoft Word and Google Docs, Grammarly and Quillbot etc.,

• spell checking

• standard layouts for normal documents

• bold, print, italics, underlined

• center lines, text line up on left or right side of paper

• save document to use again

• print document

Capabilities of word processor built into them:

spreadsheet packages

The _________are designed to use numbers and formulas to do calculations with ease.

Budgets, payrolls, Grade Calculation, Address Lists

Examples of spreadsheets:

Microsoft excel and google sheets

The most commonly used spreadsheet programs are _____ and ____

Graphic presentation

The presentation programs can make giving presentations and using overheads easier. Other uses include:

• Slide Shows

• Repeating Computer Presentations on a computer monitor

• Using Sound and animation in slide shows

Open source computer

A computer software whose source code is available under a license that permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form.

public collaborative manner

Open Source Software It is often developed in a __________

Linux, netscape, Apache, WordPress

Well-known OSS products are ________________

Non-Free Software

Proprietary Software is also known as

Proprietary software

A software with restrictions on using, copying and modifying as enforced by the proprietor. Restrictions on use, modification and copying are achieved by either legal or technical means and sometimes both.

Microsoft, MacOS, iOS, Adobe

Proponents of proprietary software are ___,____,____,_____ etc.

hardware

• refers to the equipment/devices that make the computer system perform one or more functions.

• It refers to the tangible components of a computer system.

• Computer and all of its other physical components.

• input devices

• Output Devies

• CPU

• Secondary storage Unit

• Data communication device s

Functional Components of Computer (hardware)

Input Device s

Handle the entering in of programs and data through the keyboard or other input devices.

issuing commands

entering data

Input devices performs 2 most basic computing task

1. ______

2. _____

Data Entry

defined as the process of entering data into the computer memory and issuing commands that tell the processor how to work with the data.

keyboards

• typewriter , keypad , electronic calculator

Is the standard input device of most computers. It was patterned after the________ and the ________of an e_______

Ergonomic Keyboard

• V shape

• ( A type of keyboard) They are set up in a way that allows the hands and wrists to be in a natural position to avoid muscle strain and fatigue.

• For two-handed typists, they are usually constructed in a ______, allowing a more natural angle for typing.

• Ergonomic keyboard

• Portable Keyboard

(Samply TYPES of Keyboard)

Mouse

Is a hand-clicked device for pointing. It was Douglas Englebart who came up with the concept of a _____

Douglas Englebart 1963

• wood, two wheel

He designed and built the first mod Mouse model in _____. It was made of ____ and used________ for movement.

Mouse

An input device operated by rolling its ball across a flat surface. The _____ is used to control the on-screen pointer by pointing and clicking, double-clicking, or dragging objects on the screen.

• Wireless

• Wired

• Optic

• Roller

Types of Mouse

Trackball

• It is like a stationary, upside down mouse.

• You can utilize just your fingers to move the ball and

• click buttons versus moving the mouse around the desk.

Joystick

commonly used for computer games.

• It typically consists of a handle or a lever that can be tilted or pushed in different directions to provide input to a computer or a gaming console.

  
  

Lightpen

It is a device used to draw, write, or issue commands

when it touches a specially designed screen.

Barcode Scanner

It is an input device that converts a pattern of printed bars into a number that a computer can read.

Touchpad or Trackpad

a pointing device featuring a tactile sensor, a specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative position on screen.

Scanner

is a device that allows pictures to be placed into a computer.

Microphone

It allows the user to record sounds as input to their computer.

Digital cameras

A peripheral input device that allows users to create pictures and/or movies in a digital format.

• Some require specialized software to import images into the computer.

• Some record digital images directly to a disk that can be read by the computer.

Biometric Devices

consists of methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits.

• Identify access management, and access control

• Under surveillance

• In computer science, in particular, biometrics is used as a form of ________ and ________

• It is also used to identify individuals in groups that are ______

• finger print scanner

• Retinal scanner

Types/ sample of Biometric Devices

Fingerprint scanner

security systems of biometrics. They are now used in police stations, security industries and most recently, on computers

Retinal Scanner

• a biometric technique that uses the unique patterns on a person's retina to identify them. It is not to be confused with another ocular-based technology, such as iris recognition.

Smart Card Reader

A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC), is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits.

headsets

 pair of small loudspeakers, or less commonly a single speaker, held close to a user's ears and connected to a signal source such as an audio, CD/MP3 players, etc. Input Devices Can be both I/O device

headphones

headset

•  for listening only, prioritizing audio quality, :_____

•  combines headphones with an integrated microphone_____

Modem / Modulator Demodulator

• analogue and digital formats

• two-way network communication

______ A hardware which connects to a computer, broadband network or wireless router. ______ converts information between _______ and ________ in real time making seamless__________

Output Devices

After processing the data fed into the computer with the use of the input devices, the information must now be outputted in a form understood by human beings.

text output

Graphic output

Sound Output

Video Output

Output Devices: Various computer-generated output forms:

Printer

• Impact Printer

• Non-impact printer

 a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the information to paper.  There are two major categories:

Impact Printers

• typewriter

• ___________Produces an output by using a mechanism that presses against an inked ribbon on paper, it was patterned after the ________

Non-Impact Printer

• Uses a photocopier-like process to transfer ink to a piece of paper. 

  • E.g. Laser printer, bubble jet

Laser printer, Bubble jet

Example of Non-Impact Printer

Dot Matrix Printer

•  a type of impact printer which prints characters or images by striking a print hammer or wheel against an inked ribbon.

• The printing quality and printing speed of Dot matrix is lower and slower compared to Laser Printer.

• Laser printer

• non-impact photocopier

• selenium-coated drum

• electrical charges.

• _______ a popular type of computer printer that uses a ______ ________ technology where there are no keys striking the paper.

• - When a document is sent to the printer, a laser beam "draws" the document on a ______using ______

Inkjet printer

• a computer peripheral that produces hard copies of a text document or photo by spraying droplets of ink onto paper.

Video monitor / display

• video card.

an electronic output device used to display information being entered and processed on a computer. 

• The primary use of this is to display images, text, video, and graphics information generated by the computer via a computer's________

Speaker

 used for audio output such as beeps, human voice

and music.

• Most PCs are equipped with simple internal _____.

System unit

•  the part of the computer which is responsible for accepting and processing the data brought in by the input devices.

• It is also responsible for passing the resulting information to the users via the output devices.

integrated circuitry

The system unit is composed of _______designed to perform a particular task in coordination with other ICs.

Motherboard

The main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer

Motherboard

a computer's central communications backbone connectivity point, through which all components and external peripherals connect.

• Without it, none of the computer pieces, such as the CPU, GPU, or hard drive, could interact.

• PS/2 keyboard port

• Mouse port

• parallel port

• LAN port

• Serial port

• VGA port

• USB ports

• Line out

• Line in port

• Microphone

Ports in a computer

CPU or Processor

• Brain of the computer. (Not the heart) 

• It is an integrated circuit chip containing electronic circuitry that controls the interpretation and execution of instructions.

Memory

• Is the general term used to describe where the computer holds data and instructions before and after they are processed.

Random Access Memory

Read Only Memory

Classification of Memory (primary)

RAM

• Is used as short-term memory storage for a computer's CPU

• It keeps data easily accessible so the processor can quickly find it without having to go into long-term storage to complete immediate processing tasks

Chassis

Housing of the system unit.

Video Cards

A built in but can be bought externally for better quality for display. Connect the computer to the monitor.

It is a circuit board attached to the motherboard that contains the memory and other circuitry necessary to send information to the monitor for display on screen.

Sound card

A built in but can be bought externally for better sound quality.

Is used to send and receive audio on a computer- based device.

network card

A circuit board that connects the computer to the rest of the network usually using special cables.

Fan and heat Sink

• aluminum.

_____Assist the CPU to cool down. The heat sink is made up of _____

Power Supply Unit PSU

•  a hardware device that converts AC electricity into DC electricity and then distributes it to the rest of the computer.

• It is visible from the back of many systems because it contains the power-cord receptacle and the cooling fan.

Primary Storage

• main storage / memory

______, also known as _____ /______, is the area in a computer in which data is stored for quick access by the computer's processor.

• Classified into two:

  • RAM – Random Access Memory

  • ROM – Read Only Memory.

Secondary storage

Also known as auxiliary storage, secondary memory or external memory Is a non volatile memory (does not lose stored data when the device is powered down) that is not directly accessible by the CPU.

Magnetic Tape

One of the oldest technologies for electronic data storage.

magnetic tape

• Cartridges and cassettes

________data storage is a system for storing digital information on magnetic tape using digital recording.

• packaged in_____ and _______

Hard disk Drive

• magnetic disks.

a non-volatile storage drive, which means it can retain the stored data even when no power is supplied to the device.

• They can store operating systems, software programs and other data files using __________