Amines Flashcards

Flashcards about Amines based on lecture notes

What are Amines?

Alkyl derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an alkyl group.

How are amines classified based on alkyl groups?

Primary (1°), Secondary (2°), and Tertiary (3°), based on the number of alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

What are aliphatic amines?

Compounds obtained by replacing one, two, or all three hydrogen atoms of ammonia by alkyl groups.

What are primary (1°) amines?

Organic compounds containing the -NH2 group (amino group) as the functional group, possessing the general formula RNH2.

What are secondary (2°) amines?

Organic compounds containing NH groups (imino groups) as the functional group, possessing the general formula R2NH.

What are tertiary (3°) amines?

Organic compounds containing -N as the functional group, possessing the general formula R3N.

What are aromatic amines?

Amines in which the amino group is directly attached to a benzene ring, such as aniline (C6H5NH2).

How are aliphatic amines named in a common system?

Alkylamines, with the name written as a single continuous word.

How are amines with two or more different alkyl groups named?

List alkyl groups in order of increasing size followed by 'amine' as a suffix.

How are aliphatic amines named in the IUPAC system?

Alkanamides, by replacing the 'e' of the parent alkane with the suffix 'amine'.

What is the simplest aromatic amine common name?

Phenylamine or aniline (C6H5NH2).

What is the IUPAC name for the simplest aryl group?

Benzenamine.

How are methylamines prepared from methyl iodide (Hoffmann's ammonolysis)?

Heating an alkyl halide with alcoholic ammonia in a sealed tube.

What is the Mendius reaction for preparing ethylamine?

Reduction of alkyl cyanide catalytically or with sodium and alcohol (LiAlH4 or Na/H2Ni).

How is aniline prepared from nitrobenzene?

Reducing nitrobenzene with tin and HCl or hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst (Ni/Pt).

What are the physical states, colors, and odors of amines?

Lower amines are colorless gases, middle ones are colorless liquids, and higher ones are colorless solids; lower amines possess a strong odor of ammonia, while higher amines possess a fish-like odor.

What is the solubility of amines in water?

All three types are soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding; solubility decreases with increasing size of alkyl groups due to their hydrophobic nature.

What are the boiling points of amines compared to hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carbonyl compounds?

Amines are polar compounds, and with the exception of tertiary amines, they can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

What are the physical properties of methylamine?

Colourless gas with ammonical fishy smell, burns in air with yellow flame, highly soluble in water.

What are the physical properties of ethylamine?

Colourless liquid with characteristics fishy ammonical smell, burns in air with yellow flame, miscible in water in all proportions, boils at 19°C.

Why do amines act as bases?

Due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

What are the physical properties of aniline?

Colourless oily liquid with a faint characteristic odour; turns dark on exposure to air due to oxidation; sparingly soluble in water but dissolves readily in ethanol, ether, and chloroform; toxic substance causing cyanosis.

What happens when amines react with acids?

Amines react with acids to form salts (e.g., methyl ammonium chloride, ethyl ammonium chloride).

What is the decreasing order of basicity for aliphatic amines?

R-NH-R > R-NH2 > R-N-R > NH3 (2° > 1° > 3° > NH3)

What are some uses of amines?

Used as spot solvents and in the manufacturing of dyes, drugs, and polymers.

Give some pharmaceutical uses of Amines

Morphine, Permeto, Diphenhydramine, Novocaine.