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Interprofessional collaboration

Collaboration between different professions in healthcare (ex. dr and nurse)

Intraprofessional collaboration

Collaboration between nurses

Intersectoral collaboration

Collaboration between different job sectors (ex. healthcare and lawyer)

What is the definition of health?

A complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity.

What are the 4 universal well being needs?

Belonging

Mastery (competence)

Independence

Generosity (“i am able to contribute”)

What are the stages of team development (5)?

• Forming

• Storming

• Norming

• Performing

• Adjourning

What are three types of triggers when receiving feedback?

• Truth

• Relationship

• Identity

What is the WHO definition of health?

“A complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity”

What is the population health approach?

Addresses the entire range of factors that determine health and, by doing so, affects the health of the entire population.

Population health

Aims to reduce differences in health status and vulnerability, and ensure equal opportunities and resources to enable all people to achieve their fullest health potential and quality of life.

Population

Large group of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics

Aggregate

Subpopulation within the larger population (like, adolescents with diabetes)

When was the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion made?

1986

What are the 5 areas of action in the Ottawa Charter?

• Build healthy public policy

• Create supportive environments

• Strengthen community action

• Reorient health services towards health promotion

• Develop personal skills

What are the 3 core values in the Ottawa Charter?

• Equity

• Empowerment

• Participation

Upstream

Trying to prevent problems! Prevention!!

What is the Population Health Promotion Model (PHPM)?

Developed by Health Canada to bridge the gap between the Population Health Framework and the Ottawa Charter.

Etuaptmumk

Two-eyed seeing ; “learning to see from one eye with the strengths of Indigenous Knowledge and the ways of knowing and from the other eye with the strengths of Western knowledge and ways of knowing.”

EDI

Equity, Diversity, Inclusion

Equity

removal of systematic barriers (e.g. unconscious bias, discrimination)

• Enabling all individuals to have equitable opportunities

Diversity

the variety of unique dimensions, identities, qualities and characteristics individuals possess

Inclusion

the practice of ensuring that all individuals are valued and respected for their contributions and are supported equitably in a culturally safe environment

What is cultural safety?

An ongoing process, an outcome

What are the 4 steps of cultural competency training?

1. The other: awareness + sensitivity

2. The what: knowledge + self awareness

3. The how: clinical interventions, structural interventions

4. The goal: culturally safe practitioners / organizations

What are the 5 reasons that it is taking so long to change health outcomes between populations?

1. Problem-focused approach

2. Silos in health / education

3. Gaps in research / practice

4. Stereotypes about the roles and scopes of practice of nurses

5. Embedded racism and inequities

What does the term “wicked problems” refer to?

the complexity of challenges in social systems

What is knowledge translation?

moving research into practice

What do interventions target at the downstream level?

effects of the causes, immediate health needs

What do interventions target at the midstream level?

changing the causes

What do interventions target at the upstream level?

Diminishing the causes of the causes, structural change

Gantt Chart

visual depiction of activities and tasks to be managed / accomplished during a project

Toxic stress

Prolonged activation of stress response systems in the absence of protective relationships

What part of the brain is responsible for fight or flight, and processes like breathing?

Brain stem and cerebelum

What part of the brain is responsible for emotions, memories, habits, and decisions?

Limbic system

What part of the brain is responsible for language, abstract thought, imagination, and reasoning?

Neocortex

What is the Triune brain theory?

There is the lizard brain (brain stem + cerebellum), mammal brain (limbic system), and the human brain (neocortex).

Primitive emotions can overrule conscious thought

Relational poverty

people are growing up in an environment that is not rich in relationships

What is the key to an individual’s motivation and personal achievement?

Self-efficacy

What are the 3 E’s of trauma?

• Events

• Experience

• Effects

What are the key assumptions (4 R’s)?

1. Realization: an understanding of how trauma affects groups.

2. Recognize: signs of trauma may vary.

3. Respond: Program, organization, or system responds by applying TIC principles.

4. Resists re-traumatization: TIC.

What approach is appropriate for addressing trauma?

Systems approach

Resilience

The result of a highly interactive process between individual characteristics in the person and the environment in which that person has developed.

or

The ability to bounce back and thrive

What is the population health model for?

Reorienting health services to improve the health of the entire population

Program Logic Model (PLM)

A visual depiction of planned change and expected results

Precede-proceed model (3)

• Recognizes the complexity of health & the environment.

• Draws from behavioural sciences, social, and epidemiology.

• 9 phases.

What does process/formative feedback explain?

Explains how complex interventions worked, what needs to be adjusted or changed. Provides feedback.

What does outcome/summative feedback explain?

Explains if complex interventions worked, should the interventions be completed

Graphic recording

Facilitator listens and captures the essence of ideas & information = initial summary.

Organizes ideas and information “on the spot” in ways that helps people see patterns and relationships

World cafe

• Easy-to-use method for creating a living network of collaborative dialogue

• Global movement

• Identify themes, plan action, intervention, or evaluate

• Tables of 4-5 at small cafe style tables in conversation clusters

• Table host remains at table for next round, participants move and “cross-pollinate”

What are the 2 core human needs?

• To grow and learn.

• The need to belong and be accepted for who we are.

3 sorries

• I feel sorry

• I say sorry

• I do sorry

What are the 3 steps to assertive communication?

1. State the behaviour that is troublesome.

2. Explain the impact this behaviour has on you.

3. Ask a question that puts control in the other person’s hands, and promotes group belonging.

What are the 5 areas of action in the Ottawa Charter?

• build healthy public policy

• create supportive environments for health

• strengthen community action for health

• develop personal skills

• re-orient health services

What are the 3 strategies in the Ottawa Charter?

• advocacy

• mediating

• enabling

What are the 3 core values in the Ottawa Charter?

• equity

• participation

• empowerment

What are the 9 prerequisities for health in the Ottawa Charter?

• peace

• shelter

• education

• food

• income

• a stable eco-system

• sustainable resources

• social justice

• equity

What are the 8 wedges in the Population Health Organizing Framework?

1. Focus on the health of populations.

2. Address the determinants of health and their interactions.

3. Base decisions on evidence.

4. Increase upstream investments.

5. Apply multiple interventions and strategies.

6. Collaborate across sectors and levels.

7. Employ mechanisms for public involvement.

8. Demonstrate accountability for health outcomes.

On the Population Health Promotion Model, what are the levels of action? (5)

1. Society

2. Sector / system

3. Community

4. Family

5. Individual

Population

Large group of people who share one or more personal characteristics or environmental characteristics

Aggregate

Subpopulation within a larger population

Health equity

The absense of unfair systems and policies that cause inequities; the removal of systematic barriers (e.g. unconsious bias, racism, homophobia, etc.)

What are the 4 wicked solutions?

1. “Thinking” population health does not require more time, rather it requires a different way of thinking.

2. Become aware of the structural changes in health care that are required.

3. Become aware of and change language and power.

4. Think upstream.

Primary data

Data collected directly from community residents and health service providers to provide specific information

Secondary data

Data originally collected for other purposes (birth and death rates, census info, etc.)

What is a SWOT analysis and what does it include?

Useful for organizations to use for projects

• Strengths

• Weaknessess

• Opportunities

• Threats

What are the 6 key principles of Trauma Informed Approaches?

1. Organizational safety

2. Trustworthiness & transparency

3. Peer support

4. Collaboration & mutuality

5. Empowerment, voice, and choice

6. Cultural, historical, and gender issues

What are the 4 pillars of comprehensive school health?

1. Teaching and learning

2. Social and physical environment

3. Policy

4. Partnerships and services

What are the 5 stages in the transtheorectial model of change?

1. Precontemplation

2. Contemplation

3. Preparation

4. Action

5. Maintenance

What is the purpose of motivational interviewing?

Goal is to enhance motivation for change by exploring and resolving ambivalence (mixed feelings)