Social Contract Theory- Hobbes

What is the fundamental idea of social contract theory?

Morality is based on a hypothetical contract agreed upon by free and equal individuals.

Why don’t actual societal rules always reflect the hypothetical social contract?

Because real-world rules result from historical and structural oppression.

What are the three causes of conflict according to Hobbes? 

1) Competition – scarcity of resources. 
2) Defense – preemptive violence due to fear. 
3) Glory – conquest for power or reputation. 

What is Hobbes’ view of the state of nature?

A state of war where people live in fear and vulnerability. 

What famous quote describes life in the state of nature? 

"…solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."

Why does Hobbes think we need a sovereign government? 

To prevent constant conflict and promote stability.

How does Hobbes defend his state of nature theory? 

People already take precautions (locking doors, carrying weapons) so without laws, fear would be even greater. 

What is Hobbes’ response to the objection that the state of nature is just a thought experiment? 

He argues that international relations reflect a state of nature.