Cell Biology Lecture Notes

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to cell biology, including the discovery of cells, cell theory, cellular structures, and functions.

Robert Hooke

First to see cells; discovered them in 1665.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Observed cells in pond water, called them 'animalcules' in 1673.

Cell Theory

1. Living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. 3. New cells come from existing cells.

Eukaryote

A type of cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

Prokaryote

A type of cell that does not have a nucleus and includes bacteria.

Ribosomes

Organelles that synthesize proteins.

Cytoplasm

The fluid within a cell that contains organelles.

Lysosomes

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes; known as the 'suicide sac'.

Mitochondria

The energy center of the cell; converts food into ATP.

Cytoskeleton

The framework of the cell that provides support and shape.

Golgi Apparatus

Organelles that package and export proteins.

Apoptosis

The process by which a damaged cell destroys itself.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis.

Vacuole

A storage area within cells, particularly large in plant cells.

Centrioles

Found only in animal cells; assist during cell division.

Flagella

Long, tail-like structures used for movement.

Cilia

Hairlike structures that facilitate movement.

Cell Wall

The supportive outer layer found in plant cells.

Central Vacuole

A large storage structure in plant cells, primarily for water.