Ch24 - Genetics and Genome

31) The human genome consists of__________.

A) DNA, most of which encodes protein

B) DNA, most of which does not encode protein

C) DNA, most of which encodes RNA

D) protein, most of which does not encode DNA

B) DNA, most of which does not encode protein

32) What is a gene?

A) DNA sequence that contains the information for producing one type of protein.

B) Structure that contains chromosomes.

C) Amino acid sequence that contains the information for producing a particular DNA sequence.

D) Collection of all of the protein-encoding DNA sequences on a particular chromosome

A) DNA sequence that contains the information for producing one type of protein.

34) Genetics is the study of__________.

A) sperm and eggs

B) the effect of the environment on health

C) inheritance of characteristics

D) DNA

C) inheritance of characteristics

36) What processes result in the passing of genetic information from one generation to the next?

A) Mitosis and fertilization

B) Meiosis and fertilization

C) Mitosis and meiosis

D) Fertilization and cleavage

B) Meiosis and fertilization

39) What two types of information are needed to predict the inheritance pattern of a trait?

A) How genes were distributed during meiosis, and how they come together at fertilization.

B) The health of the mother and of the father.

C) How genes were distributed during mitosis, and whether the inherited alleles are dominant or recessive.

D) The age at which the trait appears, and how the sex of the offspring affects the expression of the traits.

A) How genes were distributed during meiosis, and how they come together at fertilization.

46) An individual who carries two identical alleles for a gene is said to be__________ for that gene.

A) homozygous

B) heterozygous

C) aneuploid

D) trisomic

A) homozygous

61) A trait that is determined by one or more genes and environmental factors is a(n)__________ trait.

A) sex-linked

B) recessive

C) completely penetrant

D) multifactoria

D) multifactoria

65) Hemophilia A is an example of what type of genetic trait?

A) X-linked recessive trait

B) Autosomal dominant trait

C) Polygenetic trait

D) Multifactorial trait

D) Multifactorial trait

66) The trait of__________ is an example of a sex-influenced trait.

A) pattern baldness

B) hemophilia A

C) colorblindness

D) hypertension

A) pattern baldness

69) Which term describes a human cell with 46 chromosomes?

A) Aneuploid

B) Euploid

C) Polyploid

D) Haploid

B) Euploid

70) What chromosomal abnormality is associated with Down syndrome?

A) Trisomy 21

B) XXY

C) Trisomy 18

D) Monosomy 18

A) Trisomy 21

71) Which prenatal test will allow collection of a sample of the fetal genome without puncturing the amniotic sac?

A) Amniocentesis

B) Chorionic villus sampling

C) Ultrasonography

D) Maternal serum marker screening

B) Chorionic villus sampling

77) What occurs during an amniocentesis procedure?

A) A needle is used to remove cells from the fetus.

B) A small sample of the placenta is removed and examined for abnormal cells.

C) Fetal fibroblasts in amniotic fluid are cultured and a karyotype constructed.

D) Fetal cells found in a maternal blood sample are isolated and their chromosomes

karyotyped.

C) Fetal fibroblasts in amniotic fluid are cultured and a karyotype constructed.

79) In treating genetic diseases,__________ can be a one-time treatment while__________ would need to continue throughout the patient's lifetime.

A) gene therapy; protein-based therapies

B) enzyme replacement therapy; substrate reduction therapy

C) protein-based therapies; gene editing

D) pharmacological chaperone therapy; gene therapy

A) gene therapy; protein-based therapies