Week 1 Population and Public Health

Health Expendature

healthcare costs/expenditures have been going up increasingly, but healthcare quality has not been

Do we want to focus more on patient care or population health

Population healthy

What does patient care focus on

treatment, downstream s/s of health problems, medical and biological determinants of sickness, pts, providers, purchasers, payers

What does Population health focus on

wellness, prevention, health promotion, upstream, causes of health problems social determinants of health, all people, partnerships between health (education, transportation, housing)

population health

the distribution f health outcomes across a defines group

group

often geological populations such as nations, states or neighborhoods, but can also be other groups such as employees, ethnic groups, disabled persons, prisoners, or any other defined group.

What does improving population health require

Healthcare providers and organizations to look beyond their own systems and partner with other organizations, entities, and professionals.

aggregate

a subgroup of a population who share one or more specific characteristics or risk factors, but they may not interact or feel connected (pregnant teens in a city, adults over 55 with HTN). have shared traits or health needs

community

A group of people who share common characteristics such as geography, culture, values, or identity. (people living in the same city, members of a church)

health is more than _________

healthcare

health is tied to _______

the distribution of resources

the choices we make are shaped by ______

the choices we have

High demand + low control =

chronic stress

chronic stress can be ________

deadly (cortisol response)

Telomere shortening

chronic psychological stress accelerates aging at the cellular level. theres a link between telomere length and women who experience intimate partner violence (or chronic stress)

HPA Axis

Interaction between the nervous and endocrine systems to produce the body's response to stress. Elevated levels of one of these hormones may lead to depression or chronic stress. Hypothalamus to adrenal cortex

Factors that determine the magnitude of the HPA Axis response

novelty of the individual, unpredictability nature, perceived threat to the person, sense of loss of control

health equity

all people have the opportunity to attain their full health potential, no one is disadvantaged. this require social justice

health disparity

a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social or economic disadvantage

health justice

removing the health obstacles by addressing the root cause of the inequity. goes beyond asking how is at greater risk for the disease and asking why some populations are at greater risk

Public Health Nursing

focuses on population, grounded in assessment of population health status, considers determinant of health, focuses on all levels of prevention, intervenes and community level, systems level, and individual.

in PHN, the unit of care is the ______

population

PH Nurses want ____

the greatest good for the greatest number

Priorities of PH nurses

health promotion and protection

Essential components of nursing practice

health promotion, risk reduction health protection

The quad council competency domains for public health nurses

analytics and assessment, policy development/ program planning, communication, cultural competency, community dimensions of practice, public health science, financial management and planning, leadership and systems thinking

Minnesota PHN Intervention Wheel

3 levels of practice: Individual/Family, Community, Systems. 17 public health interventions

3 core public health functions

assessment, policy development, assurance

Assessment

systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the population's health status, and making information available about the health of the community

Policy development

efforts to develop policies that support the health of the population, including using a scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions

Assurance

making sure the essential community-oriented health service are available. Making sure that a competent public health workforce is available