Psychopharmacology exam 3

Serotonin has known functional roles in…

Sex, appetite, pain, mood, and sleep

The primary precursor for serotonin production is…

Tryptophan

5-HT postsynaptic receptors are…

Metabotropic

The serotonergic pathway begins in the….

Raphe nucleus

Which of the following are serotongeric psychedelics?

DMT, psilocybin, LSD, Bufotenine

Serotonin syndrome is caused by

too much 5-HT activity

Serotonin syndrome and psychedelic drugs share which of the following effects?

Serotonin psychedelics are likely ____ agonists

• 5-HT2

5-HT2 antagonists….

block Serotonin syndrome And block psychedelic effects

Which serotonergic psychedelic is the most potent?

LSD

After accidentally injesting 250 micrograms of LSD through his fingertips, he experienced

• kaleidoscope colors And Fountains of changing shapes

While some drug effects are similar to psychotic symptoms, the risk of developing ______ exists predominantly for those with an existing predisposition for the disorder

• psychosis

While both desirable and undesirable effects from psychedelics are possible ,_______

And ______ (respectively) are highly unlikely

• overdose and physical dependence

All of thee following are naturally occurring compounds in cannibas except….

• CBN

Which of the following has shown promise as an antidepressant?

CBD

Cannibas can be viewed as a mild psychedelic based on its effects on

• altered sense of time

CB1 agosnism of ______ contributes to pain relief properties of cannibas

• all of these (thalamus, cerebral cortex, spinal cord

Appetite simulation is related to CB1 activation in?

hypothalamus

Cannabinoids are _____ and _____ pass through the blood brain barrier

• lipophilic and easily

CB1 receptors are found in each of the brain regions, except _____, which accounts for the low probability of overdose

• brainstem

Unlike most other neurotransmitter systems, CB1 receptors are located

• presynaptically

CB1 receptors are ____, and act by _____ channels

• metaabatropic, closing Ca2+

Cannabinoids effect the release of….?

• glutamate and GABA

Phytocannabinoids (from the cannibas plant) have an effect on the brain because:

• They are endogenous compounds that bind the same receptors

The brain produces _____ and ______, which are synthesized as needed and are ______

• 2-AG, anandaminide, vesicularized

The main psychoactive compound in cannabis is…..

• delta 9 - THC

Narcotics are

• sleep inducing drugs

Opioids are narcotics?

• true

Cocaine is a narcotic?

• False

The main therapeutic uses of opioids include

• substance abuse treatment, anti-diarrheal, anesthesia, analgesia, cough suppression

Natural opioids are _____ while semi- synthetic opioids are _____…..

• plant- derived; modified plant- derivatives

Opioid antagonist (choose all)

• reverse the effects of opioid agonists, have the same effects as opioids, precipice withdrawal symptoms

Opioids are weak _____ in all administration preparations….

• bases

Opioids _____ cross the BBB (blood brain barrier) because they are _____

• can ; lipid soluble

Active metabolites _____ and they ____ the duration of action of a drug….

• have the same effects as the parent compound, extend

Heroin is ____ potent than morphine because _____

• more, it is more lipid soluble

Opioid receptors are ____ and their principle intracellular mechanism of action is to ____

• metabatropic, inhibit adrenal cyclase (causing reduced cAMP)

Opioid receptors are found in the _____

• all of these ( brain, spinal cord, intestine)

_____ opioid receptors are responsible for analgesic effects, while ____ opioid receptors are responsible for euphoric effects

• All (Mu, Kappa, Delta) ; Mu

Opioids are

• Great at relieving pain, Substances of abuse, and Sleep inducing narcotics

Opioids are weak bases in all administration preparations, which is why recreational users choose _____ over ______

• IV, oral

Opioid receptors are _____ that ultimately ____ CAMP levels

• metabatropic, reduce

Euphoria from opioids is a result of effects in the _____ pathway

• Mesolimbic

Opioid receptor binding in the ____ is responsible for sedation and drowsiness effects of opioids

• Cortex

Respiratory suppression is a result of opioid binding in the _____

• Medulla

Hypothalamic opioid binding results in ----

• Hypothermia and Reduced sex drive

Opioid induced analgesia is a result of binding in the ____

• Spinal cord, Brain stem, Limbic areas, Cortex

A peripheral side effect of opiates is

• Constipation

Opioids increase DA in the NAcc by

• Inhibiting

GABA inhibition occurs ____ by opening K+ channels and _____ by closing Ca2+ channels

• Postsynaptically; presynaptically

GABA inhibition in the VTA results in------ VTA APs and _____ DA levels in the NAcc

• Increased; increased

Catecholamangeric psychedelics include

• mescaline, MDMA

MDMA effects serotonin terminals similar to amphetamine’s mechanism in DA terminals in which of the following ways

Inhibits MAO and COMT, reverses 5-HT reuptake transporters, forces the release of 5-HT from vesicles

MDMA has shown effectiveness for therapeutic uses at:

• low doses

MDMA predominantly effects_____ at lower doses and ____ at higher doses

• 5-HT , DA and 5-HT

Acute MDMA overdose risk is primarily related to

• increased heart rate

The use of mescaline contributed to the works of

• Disney’s Fantasia, Alice in Wonderland, and the doors of perception by Aldous Huxley