Scientists Exam 2

Paul Rozin

Developed the Hedonic food pyramid a motivational system designed to respond to pleasure and flavors because toxins are considered bitter tasting. Junk food makes up the upper large portion of the triangle and bran the smallest and lowest. These are the characteristics of pleasure and the food selection system: emotional (disgust) and sense (taste) related to mouth nose and anus.

Nesse

is a prominent figure in evolutionary medicine, known for his work on the evolutionary basis of health and illness. Basic emotions special modes of operation shaped by natural selection to adjust to parameter of organisms to increase adaptive response to threats. Smoke detector principle the idea that being over/under anxious is dangerous.

Hamilton

Kin selection and inclusive fitness as well as Hamilton’s rule.

Profet

Morning sickness hypothesis that morning sickness is an adaptive quality used to expel toxins and protect mother and child.

Daly and Wilson

Twi factors that predict parental care: if the child is born with abnormalities or not, and the age of the child- older offspring have more reproductive value. As well as perceptions of child’s resemblance to father.

Appleton

developed prospect and refuge theory, the idea that there is an innate desire for safety and opportunity and the aesthetic value of landscapes.

Orians

Developed the three stages of habitat selection (along with Heerwagen): selection, information gathering, and exploitation. As well as developed the Savannah hypothesis, that natural selection has favored preference- that there is a a need to settle in an environment with resources while avoiding environments that don’t.

Wrangham

Proposed the cooking hypothesis or the idea that fire and the ability to cook food was a major advancement in human evolution.

Tyber

The three domains of disgust: pathogen, sexual, and morality.

Trivers and William

The parent offspring conflict: evolutionary conflicts arise between parent and offspring due to divergent interests. Natural selection favors evolution of responses that support and care for young, of offspring that can maximize the amount of parental care, and finally the evolution of parents that provide enough care for offspring to reach independence.

Trivers-Willard

Investment in sons versus daughters: the idea that parents will produce and invest more in sons when they are in good condition and have a high chance of producing a son who will be successful in mating. Whereas daughters will be more likely to be invested in if parents have fewer resources or are in poorer condition.

Hawkes

The show-off hypothesis is a theory that men hunt to gain social attention and attract mates. The idea is that men who obtain the most food in their social group are more likely to have mating opportunities

Tinbergen

Why would nesting birds would go to the trouble of removing the broken shells from their newly hatched chicks and laboriously take them, piece by piece, far away from the nest? The answer was because the eggshell removal made the nests less noticeable to predators that might be inclined to prey on the young chicks. The cost of parental care, in short, was outweighed by the benefits of increased survival of chicks through a decrease in predation.

Sherman and Holmes

In an intriguing study of ground squirrels, Holmes and Sherman (1982) discovered that full sisters were far more likely than half sisters to cooperate in the mutual defense of their young.

Sherman

Alarm calling in ground squirrels, warning and protecting the group while sacrificing themselves to predators even if they themselves do not have children to protect a prime example of inclusive fitness.

Bernstein

Life or death in helping humans: Inclusive fitness predicts helping decreases as relatedness decreases and age of recipient. U function of helping.

Cousins

r = .125

Siblings

r = .5

Parents

r = .5

Grandparents

r = .25

Aunts/uncles

r = .25

Half-siblings

r = .25

Jackson and Cormack

Evolved navigation theory