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Chapter 11 Vocabulary
Chapter 11 Vocabulary
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28 Terms
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Cell division
Process in which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.
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Asexual reproduction
Process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
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Sexual reproduction
Type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism.
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Chromosome
Threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from generation to the next.
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Chromatin
Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones.
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Cell cycle
Series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells.
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Interphase
Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows.
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Mitosis
Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides.
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Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.
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Prophase
First and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible.
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Chromatid
One of two identical 'sister' parts of a duplicated chromosome.
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Centromere
Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach.
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Centriole
Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division.
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Metaphase
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
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Anaphase
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
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Telophase
Phase of mitosis in which the individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin.
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Growth factor
One of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells.
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Cyclin
One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
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Apoptosis
The process of programmed cell death.
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Cancer
Disorder in which some of the body’s cells lose the ability to control growth.
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Tumor
Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissues.
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Embryo
Developing stage of a multicellular organism.
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Differentiation
Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
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Totipotent
Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body.
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Blastocyst
Stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells.
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Pluripotent
Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body’s cell types.
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Stem cell
Unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells.
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Multipotent
Cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells.
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