Mental and Physical Health Smart Version

Abnormal Psychology

The study of unusual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that may be mental disorders

Clinical Psychology

The branch of psychology that diagnoses and treats mental disorders

Psychology Student Syndrome

When students think they have disorders they are learning about

DSM-5-TR

A manual used to diagnose mental disorders using criteria

ICD

A worldwide system for classifying diseases including mental disorders

Deviation

Behavior very different from what society considers normal

Distress

Strong emotional pain that interferes with life

Dysfunction

Behavior that stops someone from living normally

Stigma

Negative attitudes or judgment toward people with mental illness

Biological Perspective

Mental disorders come from brain chemistry, genes, or body problems

Behavioral Perspective

Mental disorders come from learned behaviors

Psychodynamic Perspective

Mental disorders come from unconscious conflicts from childhood

Humanistic Perspective

Mental disorders happen when people cannot reach their full potential

Cognitive Perspective

Mental disorders come from negative thinking patterns

Evolutionary Perspective

Mental problems come from old survival traits

Sociocultural Perspective

Mental disorders influenced by society, culture, and relationships

Eclectic Approach

Using techniques from different therapies

Biopsychosocial Model

Mental disorders come from biology + thoughts + social factors

Diathesis-Stress Model

A genetic risk gets triggered by stress

Anxiety Disorders

Disorders involving excessive fear or worry

Specific Phobia

Irrational fear of a specific object or situation

Acrophobia

Fear of heights

Arachnophobia

Fear of spiders

Agoraphobia

Fear of situations where escape is hard

Panic Disorder

Repeated panic attacks and fear of having more

Ataque de Nervios

Sudden emotional outbursts common in some cultures

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear of being judged in social situations

Taijin Kyofusho

Fear of embarrassing others due to appearance

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Constant worry about many things

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Unwanted thoughts plus repeated behaviors to reduce anxiety

Obsessions

Intrusive thoughts causing anxiety

Compulsions

Repeated behaviors to reduce anxiety

Hoarding Disorder

Difficulty throwing things away

Trauma and Stressor Disorders

Disorders triggered by traumatic or stressful events

PTSD

Reliving trauma through flashbacks or nightmares

Depressive Disorders

Long-lasting sadness affecting life

Major Depressive Disorder

Severe depression lasting at least 2 weeks

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Long-term depression lasting years

Bipolar Disorder

Extreme mood highs and lows

Bipolar I Disorder

At least one full manic episode

Bipolar II Disorder

Hypomania plus depression

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Disorders starting in childhood affecting development

ADHD

Trouble focusing sitting still or controlling impulses

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Condition affecting social skills and communication

Feeding and Eating Disorders

Unhealthy eating habits harming health

Anorexia Nervosa

Extreme fear of weight gain leading to starvation

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge eating followed by purging

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Disorders involving loss of contact with reality

Schizophrenia

Disorder with delusions hallucinations and disorganized thinking

Positive Symptoms

Added abnormal behaviors

Negative Symptoms

Missing normal behaviors

Delusions

False beliefs despite evidence

Hallucinations

Sensing things that are not real

Disorganized Thinking

Confused or illogical thoughts

Word Salad

Random meaningless speech

Disorganized Motor Behavior

Strange movements

Flat Affect

Lack of emotional expression

Dopamine Hypothesis

Schizophrenia linked to excess dopamine

Dissociative Disorders

Disconnection from memory identity or consciousness

Dissociative Amnesia

Memory loss from trauma

Dissociative Fugue

Travel plus identity loss

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Multiple identities

Personality Disorders

Long-term unhealthy behavior patterns

Cluster A Disorders

Odd or eccentric behavior

Cluster B Disorders

Dramatic or emotional behavior

Cluster C Disorders

Anxious or fearful behavior

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Disregard for rules and others

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Attention-seeking dramatic behavior

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Grandiosity and need for admiration

Borderline Personality Disorder

Unstable moods and relationships

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Avoids people due to fear of rejection

Dependent Personality Disorder

Needs others to make decisions

OCPD

Extreme need for order and perfection

Deinstitutionalization

Moving patients from hospitals to community care

Evidence-Based Interventions

Treatments proven effective by research

Therapeutic Alliance

Trusting relationship between therapist and client

Cultural Humility

Respecting client cultural background

Nonmaleficence

Duty to do no harm

Fidelity

Being loyal and trustworthy

Integrity

Being honest and accurate

Respect for Rights & Dignity

Protecting client rights and privacy

Psychodynamic Therapy

Explores unconscious conflicts

Free Association

Saying whatever comes to mind

Dream Interpretation

Analyzing dreams for hidden meaning

Person-Centered Therapy

Supportive nonjudgmental therapy

Active Listening

Therapist carefully listens and reflects

Unconditional Positive Regard

Accepting client without judgment

Group Therapy

Therapy with multiple people

Individual Therapy

One therapist with one client

Cognitive Therapy

Changes negative thoughts

Maladaptive Thinking

Harmful thinking patterns

Cognitive Restructuring

Replacing negative thoughts

Cognitive Triad

Negative thoughts about self world future

Applied Behavior Analysis

Uses rewards to change behavior

Exposure Therapy

Gradually facing fears

Systematic Desensitization

Slow exposure plus relaxation

Aversion Therapy

Pairing behavior with unpleasant stimulus

Token Economy

Reward system using tokens

Biofeedback

Monitoring body signals to control them

CBT

Therapy changing thoughts and behaviors