LES 3.1: Computer Software

Software

• Consists of instructions communicated electronically to the hardware

• Serves as the features that the users can utilize in the hardware

Hardware

• Consists of physical components

• Collection of printed circuits, plastics, metal, and wires

• Example: Laptop, USB, HDMI, Printers, etc.

Software

Also supplied as organized instructions sets called programs, or more typically as a set of related programs called a package

Programs

Organized instructions sets

Package

Set of related programs

1. To translate instructions created in human language into machine language

2. Packaged or stored software is needed to make the computer an economical work tool

2 Purpose of software

1. Application

2. System

3. Utility

3 Types of Software

Application Software

First type of software

Examples:

• Google Drive

• Google Docs

• Gmail

• Youtube

• Mozilla Firefox

1. Spreadsheet Software

2. Multimedia Software

3. Graphics Software

4. Freeware

5. Word Processing Software

6. Shareware

7. Web Browsers Software

8. Educational Software

9. Presentation Software

Types of Application Softwares

Spreadsheet Software

Identify the type of Application Software:

• Excel

Excel

Spreadsheet Software

Multimedia Software

Identify the type of Application Software:

• Capcut

• Photoshop

• Filmora Wondershare

• Capcut

• Photoshop

• Filmora Wondershare

Multimedia Software

Graphics Software

Identify the type of Application Software:

• Canva

• Adobe Photoshop

• Canva

• Adobe photoshop

Graphics Software

Freeware

Identify the type of Application Software:

• Software programs that we can enjoy without paying or that can be used for free

Shareware

Identify the type of Application Software:

• A type of software that you can enjoy or access for a limited time.

• It is a free trial software that requires payment to continue using it

Word Processing Software

Identify the type of Application Software:

• Microsoft Word

Microsoft Word

Word Processing Software

Presentation Software

Identify the type of Application Software:

• Canva

• Microsoft Powerpoint

• Canva

• Microsoft Powerpoint

Presentation Software

Educational Software

Identify the type of Application Software:

• MS Teams

• Google Classroom

• MS Teams

• Google Classroom

Educational Software

Web Browsers

Identify the type of Application Software:

• Chrome

• Firefox

• Safari

• Chrome

• Firefox

• Safari

Web Browsers

System Software

Second type of software

• Programs that:

  • Control the individual computer and make the user’s application programs work well with the hardware

  • Initializes or boots up the computer when it is first turned on

  • Speeds up the computer’s processing

• Android

• Windows

• Apple/IOS

• Linux

Examples of System Software

1. Firmware

2. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

3. Operating System (OS)

Types of System Software

Firmware

Type of System Software

• Programs on chips that straddle the line between hardware and software

• Is embedded in non-volatile memory of a device such as:

  • Read-Only Memory (ROM)

  • Flash Memory

  • Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)

• Read-Only Memory (ROM)

• Flash Memory

• Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)

Firmware: embedded in non-volatile memory of a device such as

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

Type of System Software

• Handles the first level of system control which is stored on a ROM chip on the motherhood

• First part of the computer to function when the system is turned on

• First searches for an Operating System (OS) and loads it into the Random Access Memory (RAM)

  • RAM stores the data that you are currently working with

  • ROM is a permanent memory wherein your data remains

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Stores the data that you are currently working with

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Permanent memory wherein your data remains

Operating System (OS); Random Access Memory (RAM)

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) first searches for an ____ ____ and loads it into the ____ _____ ____.

Operating System (OS)

Type of System Software

• The overall controller of the work of the computer

• Is also the software loaded from the hard drive into RAM as soon as the computer is turned on the OS can be upgraded or entirely changed through software

• The OS handles the connection between the CPU and peripheral or a user called an interface

• Manages the interfaces to all the peripheral hardware, schedules tasks, allocates storage in the memory and on disks, retrieves programs and dates from storage

Operating System (OS)

Type of Software system

• Software loaded from the hard drive into RAM as soon as the computer is turned on the OS can be upgraded or entirely changed through software

Operating System (OS)

Type of Software system

• Manages the interfaces to all the peripheral hardware,

• schedules tasks,

• allocates storage in the memory and on disks,

• retrieves programs and dates from storage

Interface

OS handles the connection between the CPU and peripheral or a user called an _____

Utility Software

Third type of software

• Programs designed to keep computer systems operating efficiently

• Antivirus

• File Management System

• Compression Tools

• Disk Defragmentation

• Basic Task

• Disk Management Tools

• Backup Utility

• Disk Cleanup

Examples of Utility Software

1. Security

   1. Anti-Virus

   2. Firewalls

   3. Encryption Software

Types of Utility Software

Security Software

Type of Utility Software

Protects the computer and its data from attacks that can destroy programs and data

1. Anti-Virus

2. Firewalls

3. Encryption Software

Types of Security Software

Anti-Virus

Type of Security Software

Guards against malicious programs inadvertently accessing them usually through email and downloads from the Internet.

Firewalls

Type of Security Software

Makes it much harder for unauthorized persons or systems to enter the computer and hijack or damage programs or data in the computer

Encryption Software

Type of Security Software

Encodes the data so that it cannot be bedded until it is decoded

1. Disk Management Utilities

   1. Defragmenter

   2. Diagnostic Programs

2. Backup Utilities

3. Screensavers

4. Archival Software

5. Programming Environment Support Programs

Security

Disk Management Utilities

Security

• Designed to help the user keep hard disk space clean and efficient

1. Defragmenter

2. Diagnostic Programs

Security: Types of Disk Management Utilities

Defragmenter

Types of Disk Management Utilities

Moves deleted data around on the disk so that small empty spaces are eliminated, and data and programs are relocated to better use the available space

Diagnostic Programs

Types of Disk Management Utilities

Designed to find problems with programs in the OS so that they can be fixed

Backup Utilities

ecurity

• Helps the users backup their data

• Application programs may be backed up, but usually that is not necessary because legal copies of prorams can be reloaded by the person who bought.the license

• Google Drive

• iCloud

Examples of Backup Utilities

Screensavers

Security

• Computer programs that either blank the monitor screen or fill it with constantly moving images

• Originally developed for old technology screens Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) screens or plasma screens that would damage the screen for a long period of time

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

What were screens savers originally developed for, which were plasma screens that would damage the screen for a long period of time?

Archival Software

Security

• Usually performs at least two functions:

  • Compresses information in files to be archives

  • Stores them in a compressed form in some long-term storage device

Programming Environment Support Programs

Security

• Used by program developers to support their programming or to run their programs

Standard Office Package

• Most common package sold with computers

• The upgraded/professional versions usually add:

  • Some form of database management, an email system, a “publisher” program for preparing flyers, brochures, and other column-format documents

• Email System

• Word Processor

What is the most commonly used programs for Software Packages for Microcomputers?

Desktop Publisher

What is another common product (Software Packages for Microcomputers)?

• IBM PC Platform

• MAC

What are software programs mostly written for?

Security Programs

Important market products to prevent criminal or malicious activity that any user intends to access the internet

1. Copyright

2. Copyleft

3. Pirate Copies

4. Fair Use

5. Site License

6. Theft

Software Package Ownership Rights

Copyright

Software Package Ownership Rights

Protects authors of documentation or software from unauthorized copying or selling

Copyleft

Software Package Ownership Rights

Provide a method for software or documentation to be modified, and distributed back to the community

Pirate Copies

Software Package Ownership Rights

• Illegal copies

• Any other illegal installations other than the original purchaser

Fair Use

Software Package Ownership Rights

• Allows the purchaser to install the software on all the machines he or she personally owns

Site License

Software Package Ownership Rights

• A way of buying in bulk, which allows the company to use the software on many machines with a special fee for the number of copies to be used

Theft

Software Package Ownership Rights

• Installing mroe copies of the software than were paid for

System Software

Summary of Type of Software

• Boots up

• Initializes the computer systems

• Controls input, output, storage, and controls the operations of the application software

Utility Software

Summary of Type of Software

• Consists of programs designed to support and optimize the functioning of the computer systems itself

Applications Software

Summary of Type of Software

• Includes the various programs that users require to perform day-to-day tasks

• Supports the actual work of the user

Hospital Information System (HIS)

• Most software systems used by nurses

• A multipurpose program, designed to support many applications in the hospitals and their associated clinics

Drainwiz

Example of HIS

1. Electronic Medical Record

2. Admission-Discharge-Transfer (ADT) Systems

3. Medication Administration Record (MAR) Software

4. Supplies Inventory System

5. Laboratory Systems

HIS Components that Nurses Use

Electronic Medical Record

HIS Components that Nurses Use

• Electronic form of your Kardex

• This is where you can see your patient identifier, chief complaint, diagnosis, and attending physicians

Electronic Medical Record

HIS Components that Nurses Use

Admission-Discharge-Transfer (ADT) Systems

HIS Components that Nurses Use

• This is where you can view the process of hospital admission and discharge

Admission-Discharge-Transfer (ADT) Systems

HIS Components that Nurses Use

Medication Administration Record (MAR) Software

HIS Components that Nurses Use

• Electronic form of your Medication Records

Medication Administration Record (MAR) Software

HIS Components that Nurses Use

Supplies Inventory System

HIS Components that Nurses Use

• This is where you can see and track catheters, IVs, IV bottles, clamps, and other related items

Supplies Inventory System

HIS Components that Nurses Use

Laboratory Systems

HIS Components that Nurses Use

• It helps you charge directly for any procedures or laboratory tests the patient needs or may undergo

• You can also view the patient’s results

1. Personal Digital Assistance (PDA)

2. Others:

   1. Cardiac Monitor

   2. Automated Bed

   3. Infusion Pump

3. Dashboard

Other Systems in Healthcare

Personal Digital Assistance (PDA)

Other Systems in Healthcare

• Part of nurses’ phones may download any thousands of software applications onto this that can assist with patient care, with most being low cost and some free

• Examples of APPS:

  • Drug guides

  • Medical dictionaries

  • Consult guides

1. Cardiac Monitor

2. Automated Bed

3. Infusion Pump

Other Systems in Healthcare

Cardiac Monitor

Other Systems in Healthcare

Automated Bed

Other Systems in Healthcare

Infusion Pump

Other Systems in Healthcare

Dashboard

Other Systems in Healthcare

• A handy application that provides a sort of a menu of options from which the nurse can choose

• Provides a quick way to order common output from certain screens or may provide some kind of alert that a task is due to be performed

Computer Systems

• A complex entity consists of an organized set of interconnected components/factors that function together as a unit to accomplish results that one part alone could not

• May refer to a single machine (and its peripherals and software) that is unconnected to any other computer

Network

• Consists of multiple, interconnected computers that function to facilitate the work of groups of providers and their support people in a system

1. Point-to-Point

2. Local Area Network (LAN)

3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Types of Computer Networks

Point-to-Point

Type of Computer Networks

• One device to another

• Examples:

  • Laptop to USB

  • Laptop to Printer

Local Area Network (LAN)

Type of Computer Networks

• Connects computers in a limited area (home school, office, condo, etc)

• Example:

  • WiFi in your home or condo

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Type of Computer Networks

• One big facility

• Example:

  • Wifi in Velez is connected through this

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Type of Computer Networks

• Covers an even larger coverage (e.g. Cebu)

• Example: Shutdowns the signal during Sinulog

1. Token Ring

2. Star

3. Bus

4. Tree

Strategies for High-Level Communication Networks: Most Common

Token Ring

Strategies for High-Level Communication Networks

• Developed by IBM