cell system

ribosomes

site of protein synthesis

plasma membrane

controls movement of substances into and out of the cell

mitochondria

makes ATP via aerobic cellular respiration

cytosol

fluid portion of the cytoplasm

cytoskeleton

comprised of 3 protein filaments/fibers called microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

peroxisomes

detoxify harmful substances

secretory vesicles

secrete substances outside the cell by exocytosis

cilia

abundant, hair-like projections that move fluids and particles along the cell surface

flagella

long cell projection, whip-like motion moves sperm

chromatin

DNA and associated proteins in long strands

lysosomes

enzymes digest and recycle worn out organelles and substances entering the cell: can digest the cell

rough endoplasmic reticulum

processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes synthesizes phospholipids

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

fatty acid and steroid synthesis, detoxifies toxic substances, stores calcium in muscle cells

centrosome (centrioles)

form mitotic spindle, cilia and flagella

nucleolus

assembly site for ribosomes

golgi complex

receives and modifies proteins from rough ER, sorts and transports them

interphase (not part of mitosis)

DNA replication, cell active and growing, normal cell work

prophase

nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear, spindle fibers form, centrioles move to opposite poles, chromatin condenses into chromosomes

metaphase

spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromatids, chromosomes line up at metaphase plate

anaphase

chromatids of chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles

telophase

cell reverses prophase activities

cytokinesis

cytoplasmic division into 2 genetically identical daughter cells