APUSH - Unit 5.10-5.11 (Civil War & Reconstruction, 1861- 1877)

Emancipation Proclamation

Order issued by Linocoln in Fall, 1862 (1 1/2 years into the convlict); declared all slaves in the Convederate States (fighting the Union) to be free.

Did NOT apply to the border states (Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and Maryland) that had slavery, but didn't join the Confederates in secession

Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation

-United African Americans in support of the Union in the war. In North they joined Union army, in South, many slaves revolted and/or fled North

- Made the war a struggle for freedom

- European powers wouldn't support south since they wouldn't back a govt. fighting for slavery (Britain had already abolished slavery in 1833, France in 1848)

Reconstruction

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

Reconstruction successes

1) Union restored 2) 13th, 14th and 15th amendment are passed 3) rebuild and repair the South

Reconstruction failures

1) Black citizens are still denied their rights, in practice (despite the new amendments) 2) South still bitter against fed. government 3) South still slow to industrialize

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the Constitution (January, 1865) - First of three "Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War. Passed with Lincoln's strong support, months before his death and before the end of the War

Lincoln's Assassination

shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., April 14, 1865

14th Amendment

Gave African-Americans the right of Citizenship, and the equal protection of law (civil rights protections) ; also denied Confederate officials the ability to hold office

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

Did the 15th Amendment apply to women?

No. The 15th Amendment guaranteed the right to vote for all men, regardless of race. The women's movement is emboldened to push for reforms to expand suffrage and additional rights to women

Sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. Limited the opportunities of black and poor white people in the South, as they continued to labor on the plantations.

KKK

Stands for Ku Klux Klan and started right after the Civil War in 1866. They masked themselves and burned black churches, schools, and terrorized black people.

segregation

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences; although the 13th and 14th Amendments had been passed, the South resisted the spirit of the Constitution by contininuing segregationist policies for another 100 years (until laws & Court cases of the 1950s & 1960s)

Carpet Baggers

Northerners (Republicans) who went South for personal power and profit after the Civil War

Freedman's Bureau

A federal government agency whose job was to provided: food, clothing, jobs, medical care, establish schools for former slaves and the poor whites in the South

Black Codes

Southern state laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans would take the presidency, but would promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint a Democrat to the new President's cabinet 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river

Johnson's Impeachment (1868)

Tenure of Office Act.... (specifically for President Johnson)- not allowing him pick his own cabinet- only Senate's consent. President

Johnson fires Secretary of War (Stanton), violating the law. Congress impeached him as a result, but these Senate didn't meet the 2/3 vote requirement to remove him.

1868 election

General Grant, Republican, won electoral votes 214 to 80 against Seymour, Grant only won the popular vote 3,013,421 to 2,706, 829, The black franchise allowed Grant to win the popular vote.

Plessey versus Ferguson

Supreme Court Case upholds segregation as legal using the rule of: separate but equal

End of Reconstruction

1877, thanks to the Compromise of 1877. At this point, Jim Crow laws are passed throughout the South, limiting the rights of African Americans and segregating the South (similar to the Black Codes issued in 1865-66, after the 13th Amendment was passed.

Radical Republicans

supported black suffrage and rights in the form of the 14th and 15th Amendments. These people, in the Republican Party in Congress, favored punishing the South for the Civil War

Greenbacks

Name given to paper money issued by the Union government during the Civil War. Greenbacks were not redeemable for gold or silver, and would fluctuate depending on the success of the Union, resulting in inflation (decreased buying power of the currency).