MOD 16: US Foreign Policy - Terrorism and Counterterrorism Study Notes

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to U.S. foreign policy in the context of terrorism and counterterrorism, providing definitions and explanations for critical terms.

Terrorism

The use or threatened use of violence against non-combatants in pursuit of a political aim.

Distinguishing Features of Terrorism

Goals, targets, and nature of the perpetrator define terrorism: political goals, targeting non-combatants, and primarily non-state actors.

Political Violence

Violence used by terrorist organizations to influence the behavior of the states they oppose.

Psychological and Sociological Focus

Understanding why individuals join extremist organizations, especially among terrorist 'foot soldiers'.

Strategic Focus

Terrorist leaders employ strategies through terrorist attacks to influence state actions.

Provocation

A strategy prompting an overreaction from a state, exemplified by Al Qaeda’s 9/11 attack.

Spoiling

A strategy to undermine peace negotiations, as seen with Hamas attacks.

Outbidding

Using violence for competition among terrorist organizations for followers, exemplified by ISIS and Al Qaeda.

Domestic Surveillance

Collecting information on citizens to detect potential terrorist activities.

The Patriot Act

Legislation that expanded government powers in response to 9/11, allowing controversial surveillance practices.

Increased Security

Measures taken to fortify potential terrorist targets, involving direct and indirect costs.

Deterrence

Threats of retaliation against terrorist attacks, complicated by the non-state nature of terrorist groups.

Counterterrorism Measures

Various actions taken to prevent or respond to terrorism, including defensive measures and military actions.

Collateral Damage

Unintended harm to civilians or non-combatants during military operations against terrorist groups.

War in Afghanistan

Initiated as a response to the 9/11 attacks, targeting Al Qaeda and Taliban support.

War in Iraq

A conflict justified by the Bush administration as necessary to address terrorism and the need for democracy in the Middle East.